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. 2014 Aug 13;5:218. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00218

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Multiple interactions among the components involved in floral signal transduction in response to sugar-hormone interplay. Components of the pathways are grouped into those that promote (↓) and those that repress (⊥) floral signal transduction. Sugars affect the vegetative-to-reproductive phase transition through their function as energy sources, osmotic regulators, signaling molecules, and by their interaction with mineral and phytohormone networks (Ohto et al., 2001; Lloyd and Zakhleniuk, 2004; Matsoukas et al., 2013). Starch metabolism-related events have a key role in developmental phase transitions (Corbesier et al., 1998; Matsoukas et al., 2013). The actions of all pathways ultimately converge to control the expression of a small number of so-called floral pathway integrators (FPIs), which include FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT; Kardailsky et al., 1999; Kobayashi et al., 1999) and SUPPRESSOR OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1; Yoo et al., 2005). These act on floral meristem identity (FMI) genes such as LEAFY (LFY; Lee et al., 2008) and APETALA1 (AP1; Wigge et al., 2005; Yamaguchi et al., 2005), which result in floral induction. The main components and interactions are depicted in the diagram, but additional elements have been omitted for clarity. Comprehensive reviews are available (Smeekens et al., 2010; Depuydt and Hardtke, 2011; Huijser and Schmid, 2011; Andres and Coupland, 2012; Matsoukas et al., 2012) and should be referred to for additional pieces of information.