Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the randomization groups
| Characteristics | Placebo (n=57) | Ginger 1.0 g (n=53) | Ginger 2.0 g (n=52) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Men | 14 (24.6) | 14 (26.4) | 12 (23.1) |
| Women | 43 (75.4) | 39 (73.6) | 40 (76.9) |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| White | |||
| Age, mean (SD, years) | 55.5 (11.2) | 53.3 (12.0) | 58.3 (12.3) |
| Chemotherapeutic agent, n (%)a | |||
| High (>90%) emetic risk | 10 (17.5) | 9 (17.0) | 11 (21.2) |
| Cisplatin | 6 (10.5) | 8 (15.1) | 8 (15.4) |
| Cyclophosphamide ≥1,500 mg/m2 | 2 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.8) |
| Dacarbazine | 2 (3.5) | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Moderate (30 to 90%) emetic risk | 36 (63.2) | 36 (67.9) | 33 (63.5) |
| Oxaliplatin | 2 (3.5) | 1 (1.9) | 3 (5.8) |
| Capecitabine | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Carboplatin | 8 (14.0) | 12 (22.6) | 15 (28.8) |
| Cyclophosphamide <1,500 mg/m2 | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.8) | 1 (1.9) |
| Cyclophosphamide and Epirubcin | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Doxorubicin | 4 (7.0) | 6 (11.3) | 1 (1.9) |
| Doxorubcin and Carboplatin | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Doxorubcin and Cyclophosphamide | 18 (31.6) | 13 (24.5) | 11 (21.2) |
| Epirubicin | 1 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Irinotecan | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.9) | 2 (3.8) |
| Low (10 to 30%) emetic risk | 11 (19.3) | 8 (15.1) | 8 (15.4) |
| Docetaxel | 3 (5.3) | 3 (56.6) | 0 (0.0) |
| Docetaxel and Gemcitabine | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Fluorouracil | 4 (7.0) | 2 (3.8) | 2 (3.8) |
| Gemcitabine | 2 (3.5) | 1 (1.9) | 4 (7.7) |
| Paclitaxel | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.9) | 1 (1.9) |
| Trastuzumab | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.9) |
| Concomitant 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and NK-1, n (%) | |||
| Apripetant | 18 (31.6) | 19 (35.8) | 15 (28.8) |
| Dolasetron | 8 (14.0) | 4 (7.5) | 5 (9.6) |
| Granistron | 13 (22.8) | 25 (47.2) | 7 (13.5) |
| Ondansetron | 1 (1.8) | 13 (24.5) | 18 (34.6) |
| Palonosetron | 28 (43.9) | 13 (24.5) | 22 (42.3) |
5-HT3 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3, NK-1 neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist
a
Emetic risk of intravenously administered antineoplastic agents based on the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guidelines for antiemetics in 2006 [21]. When patients received more than one antineoplastic agent, only the agent that possessed the highest emetic risk is listed. If more than one antineoplastic agent of the same emetic risk was administered, then both antineoplastic agents are listed.