TABLE 2.

Mean z Scores, SD, and Group Comparisons on Parent-Rated Adjustment at Age 4, Teacher-Rated Adjustment at Age 7, and Parenting Characteristics at Age 4 and 7

	Controls (a) N = 2,899–3,625	CU+ (b) N = 216–284	ANX/CU+ (c) N = 36–48	Significant Effects
	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)	F	df	p	η2p	Bonferroni-Corrected Contrast
Parent-Rated Adjustment, Age 4
Multivariate				10.54	6, 6288	< .001
AB	−0.08 (0.95)	0.46 (1.14)	0.14 (1.16)	20.38	2, 3145	< .001	.013	a < b
Hyperactivity	−0.07 (0.98)	0.37 (1.07)	0.01 (1.12)	15.72	2, 3145	< .001	.010	a < b
Peer Problems	−0.05 (0.98)	0.33 (1.07)	0.22 (1.17)	13.29	2, 3145	< .001	.008	a < b
Teacher-Rated Adjustment, Age 7
Multivariate				166.02	6, 7900	< .001
Conduct Problems	−0.12 (0.80)	1.19 (1.47)	2.00 (2.03)	342.06	2, 3951	< .001	.148	a < b < c
Hyperactivity	−0.10 (0.91)	1.20 (1.06)	1.28 (1.19)	228.89	2, 3951	< .001	.104	a < b, c
Peer Problems	−0.11 (0.89)	1.04 (1.23)	2.15 (1.35)	303.95	2, 3951	< .001	.133	a < b < c
Parenting Characteristics, Age 4
Multivariate				4.55	4, 5896	< .001
Negative Feelings	−0.01 (1.00)	0.16 (0.99)	−0.12 (1.14)	1.95	2, 2948	ns	.001	–
Harsh Discipline	−0.05 (0.98)	0.34 (0.97)	−0.07 (1.46)	8.89	2, 2948	< .001	.006	a < b
Parenting Characteristics, Age 7
Multivariate				6.24	4, 7014	< .001
Negative Feelings	−0.03 (0.99)	0.26 (0.99)	0.24 (1.23)	9.02	2, 3507	< .001	.005	a < b
Harsh Parenting	−0.04 (0.99)	0.33 (0.91)	0.28 (1.23)	10.27	2, 3507	< .001	.006	a < b

Note: Total sample sizes vary in each group due to missing data on some measures; differences between controls and ANX/CU+ group in parenting characteristics at age 4 and 7 were not significant. CU+ = CU traits without high anxiety; ANX/CU = CU traits with high anxiety.