Table 1.
Studies in which qPCR was used to measure gene expression in songbird brain, pituitary, or gonad.
| Reference | Species | Tissuea | Reference gene |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wade et al. (2005) | Taeniopygia guttata | telencephalon | GAPDHb,c |
| Lombardino et al. (2006) | Taeniopygia guttata | HVC projection neurons | normalized to total RNAc |
| Jones et al. (2008a) | Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii | telencephalon | GAPDHc,d |
| Jones et al. (2008b) | Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii | telencephalon | GAPDHb,c,d |
| Kim et al. (2008) | Serinus canaria | HVC | GAPDH |
| Wynne et al. (2008) | Taeniopygia guttata | telencephalon | GAPDHb |
| Mukai et al. (2009) | Melospiza melodia | hypothalamus | ACTBc,d |
| Tomaszycki et al. (2009) | Taeniopygia guttata | telencephalon | GAPDHb,c,d |
| Mirzatoni et al. (2010) | Taeniopygia guttata | cerebellum | GAPDH |
| Cerasale et al. (2011) | Zonotrichia albicollis | hypothalmus | ACTB |
| Duncan and Saldanha (2011) | Taeniopygia guttata | telencephalon | GAPDH |
| Banerjee et al. (2012) | Taeniopygia guttata | cerebellum, Hp, hypothalamus | ACTB |
| Perfito et al. (2012) | Parus major | MBH, pituitary | HPRT, GAPDH, PK-a, PK-t |
| Qi et al. (2012) | Taeniopygia guttata | telencephalon | GAPDHb |
| Rosvall et al. (2012) | Junco hyemalis | hypothalamus, PTR, and VmT | GAPDH |
| Stevenson and Ball (2012) | Serinus canaria | MBH | GAPDH |
| Thompson et al. (2012) | Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii | HVC and RA | 18Sc,d |
| Bentley et al. (2013a) | Sturnus vulgaris | Area X | HPRT, GAPDH |
| Bentley et al. (2013b) | Sturnus vulgaris | MBH | HPRT, GAPDH, PK-a, PK-t, |
| Bergeon Burns et al. (2013) | Junco hyemalis | hypothalamus, PTR, and VmT | GAPDHb |
| Duncan et al. (2013) | Taeniopygia guttata | telencephalon | GAPDH |
| Egbert et al. (2013) | Passer domesticus | ovarian follicles | 18S |
| Liebl and Martin (2013) | Passer domesticus | Hp | 18S |
| Liebl et al. (2013) | Passer domesticus | Hp | 18S |
| Medina et al. (2013) | Passer domesticus | whole brain | GAPDH, TBP |
| Rosvall et al. (2013) | Junco hyemalis | ovary, rostral hypothalamus | GAPDH |
| Shi et al. (2013) | Taeniopygia guttata | Area X | GAPDH, U6b,e |
| Singh et al. (2013) | Emberiza bruniceps | hypothalamus, testes | ACTB |
| Bergeon Burns et al. (2014) | Junco hyemalis | rostral hypothalamus, testes | GAPDH |
a
Abbreviations: Hp: hippocampus, HVC: used as a proper name, MBH: medial basal hypothalamus, PK: protein kinase, PTR: right posterior telencephalon, RA: robust nucleus of the arcopallium, VmT: ventromedial telencephalon.
b
Authors verified that GAPDH expression did not vary between experimental groups.
c
qPCR used to validate microarray findings,
d
SoNG microarray characterized in Replogle et al. 2008,
e
U6 used as reference gene for micro-RNAs.