Table 2.
Applications of Lasagna process at pilot- and field-scales from inception to date.
| Treatment zone material | Contaminant | Soil type | Site dimensions (length × width × depth) |
Polarity reversal/ downtime |
Removal efficiency, % | Voltage gradient, (V/cm)/Current (A) | Power consumption, kwh/m3 | Run time, month | Electroosmotic conductivity, cm2 V−1 s−1(×10−5) | Treatment zone spacing, cm | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AC + sand | p-nitrophenol | Kaolin/ Kaolinite/ clay loam |
1.22 m × 0.61 m × 0.61 m | Yes/ continuous |
98 | 1 (constant)/96.2 (based on current density) | 51 | 3 | 0.56–1.7 | 35.56 | [20] |
|
| |||||||||||
| GAC1 | TCE2 | Clay loam | 4.6 m × 3 m × 4.6 m |
Yes/ continuous |
99 | 0.35–0.45/40 (constant) | — | 4 | 1.2 | 60 | [25] |
|
| |||||||||||
| Iron filings + kaolin | TCE | Clay loam | 6.4 m × 9.2 m × 13.7 m |
Yes/3-week | 95–99 | 0.23–0.31 (constant)/ 110–200 |
— | 12 | 1.2 | 60 & 150 | [26] |
|
| |||||||||||
| Iron filings + kaolin | TCE | Clay loam | 27.4 m × 22 m × 13.5 m |
No/pulse mode | 99 | 0.15–0.26 (constant)/ 500–700 |
— | 24 | — | 150 | [15, 27] |
|
| |||||||||||
| Iron filings + kaolin | TCE | Clay loam | 33 m × 24 m × 7.5 m |
— | 60 (after 1 year) | 0.16 (constant)/ 250–400 |
— | 24 | — | 150 | [15] |
1Granular activated carbon; 2Trichloroethylene.