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Effect of MF on TNF-α (A), IL-6 (B), and IL-1β (C) production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with MF (20, 40, and 60 μM) for 1 h and then incubated for 16 h with LPS (1 μg/ml). The culture supernatant was subjected to ELISA. Error bars represent the mean ± SD. #p<0.001 vs. control, *p<0.001 vs. LPS.
