Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) promoter activation in BF24 cells stimulated with live or formalin-killed bacteria: 1 × 105 BF24 cells were challenged with a multiplicity of infection of 100: 1 of each microbial species and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) levels were determined at 24 h. The control treatment represented the BF24 cells alone without bacteria. The bars denote mean levels of duplicate determinations derived from two experiments. The horizontal bracket (
) denotes CAT levels significantly different than control (Cont.) at least at P < 0.05. Abbreviations used for species: Cr, Campylobacter rectus; Sm, Salmonella minnesota; Tf, Tannerella forsythia; Pi, Prevotella intermedia, Pg, Porphyromonas gingivalis; Fn, Fusobacterium nucleatum.