Appendix Table 1.

Multivariable Linear Regression Model to Explain Time Spent on Research

Characteristic	Time Estimate (95% CI), h	P Value
Intercept	36.98 (32.52 to 41.43)	<0.001
Gender		<0.001
Women	–2.94 (–4.72 to –1.16)
Men	Reference
Age (centered at 40 y)	–0.44 (–0.69 to –0.18)	<0.001
Age of youngest child		0.50
<2 y	–1.48 (–5.89 to 2.94)
2–5 y	–0.08 (–4.18 to 4.01)
6–12 y	–0.97 (–4.93 to 2.99)
13–18 y	Reference
Number of children		0.79
1	0.17 (–1.89 to 2.23)
2	Reference
≥3	–0.55 (–2.38 to 1.27)
Race		0.30
White	Reference
Asian	–1.35 (–3.12 to 0.42)
Other	–0.96 (–3.91 to 1.99)
Spouse/domestic partner's employment		0.67
Not employed	–0.95 (–3.06 to 1.16)
Part-time	–0.45 (–2.53 to 1.62)
Full-time	Reference
K award type		<0.001
K08	4.93 (3.27 to 6.58)
K23	Reference
Specialty		0.25
Basic sciences	–0.29 (–4.41 to 3.84)
Clinical specialties of women, children, and families	–1.27 (–3.10 to 0.56)
Hospital-based specialties	–2.36 (–4.66 to –0.06)
Surgical specialties	–1.84 (–4.85 to 1.18)
Medical specialties	Reference
PhD degree		<0.001
Yes	3.30 (1.45 to 5.15)
No	Reference