Table 4. Susceptibility to antibiotics of all 11,943 bacteria isolated from urine cultures, between 2005 and 2006, and 2010 and 2011 at the University Hospital of the University of São Paulo (HU-USP), stratified by gender and stratum of age.
| Antibiotic, susceptible, n(%) | Male gender | Female gender | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-14 years | 15-64 years | ≥65 years | 0-14 years | 15-64 years | ≥65 years | |
| Nalidixic acid | 603 (97.3)* | 532 (74.2)* | 506 (59.3)* | 1.198 (94.1)* | 4.794 (88.1)* | 1.220 (69.8)* |
| Amikacin | 528 (100) | 635 (96.1)* | 794 (95.0)* | 1.107 (100) | 4.740 (99.8)* | 1.569 (99.2)* |
| Amoxicillin/clavulanate | 454 (73.2)* | 490 (68.3)* | 530 (62.1)* | 1.050 (82.5)* | 4.637 (85.2)* | 1.395 (79.8)* |
| Ampicillin | 253 (38.8) | 304 (37.7)* | 318 (31.3)* | 539 (41.2) | 2.802 (48.6)* | 880 (46.5)* |
| Ampicillin/sulbactam | 3 (16.7) | 17 (29.8)* | 40 (44.9)* | 2 (11.1) | 39 (17.1)* | 14 (23.3)* |
| Aztreonam | 9 (100) | 25 (49.0) | 31 (41.9)* | 18 (85.7) | 11 (45.8) | 27 (64.3)* |
| Cephalothin | 457 (73.2)* | 448 (60.3)* | 443 (49.4)* | 964 (75.4)* | 4.154 (76.2)* | 1.185 (66.9)* |
| Cefazolin | 87 (77.0)* | 102 (68.5)* | 106 (70.7)* | 178 (87.7)* | 741 (73.0)* | 217 (83.8)* |
| Cefepime | 527 (99.8) | 604 (91.4)* | 725 (86.5)* | 1.095 (98.9)* | 4.692 (98.7)* | 1.499 (94.8)* |
| Cefotaxime | 230 (95.0) | 296 (81.8)* | 374 (73.3)* | 549 (95.8) | 2.717 (97.2)* | 854 (88.5)* |
| Cefoxitin | 0 | 4 (14.8)* | 3 (6.8) | 5 (45.5) | 17 (65.4)* | 4 (16.0) |
| Ceftazidime | 254 (98.8) | 349 (87.5)* | 444 (81.0)* | 609 (97.9) | 2.902 (97.7)* | 1.383 (87.7)* |
| Ceftriaxone | 383 (98.7)* | 374 (91.9)* | 382 (91.0)* | 705 (100)* | 2.677 (99.5)* | 807 (97.6)* |
| Cefuroxime axetil | 272 (93.2)* | 243 (77.9)* | 227 (70.7)* | 528 (97.8)* | 1.954 (96.1)* | 557 (88.8)* |
| Ciprofloxacin | 657 (98.8) | 641 (76.2)* | 692 (63.0)* | 1.308 (98.2) | 5.519 (92.5)* | 1.446 (74.7)* |
| Clindamycin | 12 (100) | 21 (63.6)* | 41 (75.9) | 14 (100) | 263 (98.9)* | 25 (58.1) |
| Chloramphenicol | – | – | 1 (100) | – | 2 (100) | – |
| Carbenicillin | 32 (37.6) | 52 (61.9) | 32 (45.7)* | 59 (39.6) | 306 (55.8) | 97 (60.2)* |
| Colistin | – | 3 (75.0) | 2 (100) | 1 (100) | 4 (80.0) | 4 (100) |
| Erythromycin | 9 (75.0) | 16 (48.5)* | 31 (57.4) | 13 (86.7) | 216 (81.2)* | 23 (53.5) |
| Ertapenem | 231 (100) | 318 (99.4) | 446 (98.9)* | 563 (100) | 2778 (99.9) | 933 (99.9)* |
| Streptomycin | 7 (58.3) | 10 (62.5) | 38 (73.1) | 5 (55.6) | 14 (63.6) | 30 (62.5) |
| Streptomycin (high level resistance) | 10 (83.3) | 15 (57.7) | 39 (76.5)* | 8 (100) | 35 (72.9) | 18 (34.0)* |
| Gentamicin | 623 (97.0) | 702 (86.8)* | 855 (84.5)* | 1.271 (96.6) | 5.617 (96.4)* | 1.680 (91.0)* |
| Gentamicin (high level resistance) | 21 (87.5) | 27 (64.3)* | 80 (77.7) | 17 (100) | 64 (91.4)* | 70 (70.0) |
| Imipenem | 296 (100) | 338 (98.5)* | 383 (98.0)* | 545 (100) | 1.975 (100)* | 646 (99.5)* |
| Levofloxacin | – | – | – | – | 7 (100) | 3 (100) |
| Linezolid | 24 (100) | 55 (100) | 117 (99.2) | 22 (100) | 205 (98.6) | 96 (99.0) |
| Meropenem | 241 (100) | 362 (98.4)* | 509 (97.7)* | 582 (100) | 2.800 (100)* | 968 (99.7)* |
| Minocycline | 50 (58.8)* | 58 (69.0) | 47 (67.1) | 115 (77.2)* | 393 (71.7) | 115 (71.4) |
| Nitrofurantoin | 389 (60.2)* | 584 (74.8)* | 660 (67.7)* | 1.119 (86.2)* | 5.010 (86.8)* | 1.515 (81.7)* |
| Norfloxacin | 400 (98.0) | 363 (80.6)* | 338 (65.6)* | 733 (98.4) | 2.664 (94.7)* | 712 (79.3)* |
| Oxacillin | 5 (29.4) | 16 (39.0)* | 43 (51.8) | 7 (31.8) | 67 (18.6)* | 21 (37.5) |
| Penicillin G | 23 (54.8) | 38 (44.2)* | 89 (47.1) | 19 (49.6) | 112 (23.9)* | 95 (57.6) |
| Piperacillin/tazobactam | 131 (97.8) | 184 (84.4)* | 258 (81.9)* | 306 (96.5) | 1.326 (96.4)* | 503 (93.8)* |
| Polymyxin B | 2 (100) | 15 (100) | 23 (100) | 13 (100) | 4 (100) | 11 (100) |
| Quinupristin/dalfopristin | 3 (50.0) | 11 (68.8) | 17 (56.7) | 1 (33.3) | 28 (93.3) | 10 (45.5) |
| Rifampin | 17 (100) | 35 (85.4)* | 78 (94.0) | 22 (100) | 361 (99.7)* | 51 (89.5) |
| Teicoplanin | 16 (100) | 27 (100) | 59 (89.4) | 17 (100) | 135 (99.3) | 61 (98.4) |
| Tetracycline | 20 (47.6)* | 50 (54.9)* | 81 (54.4) | 45 (71.4)* | 350 (66.5)* | 78 (48.4) |
| Ticarcillin | 73 (81.1)* | 86 (78.9)* | 82 (73.2)* | 141 (91.0)* | 520 (93.4)* | 162 (89.5)* |
| Tigecycline | – | 3 (75.0) | 2 (100) | 1 (100) | 4 (80.0) | 3 (100) |
| Tobramycin | 85 (100) | 83 (98.8) | 71 (98.6) | 147 (98.7) | 547 (99.5) | 159 (98.8) |
| Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | 415 (65.5) | 485 (63.0)* | 564 (59.2)* | 807 (62.4) | 4.007 (70.6)* | 1.176 (65.1)* |
| Vancomycin | 43 (100) | 93 (98.9) | 190 (94.1)* | 43 (100) | 496 (100) | 170 (98.8)* |
Note:
*
p < 0.05 compared between gender within each stratum of age indicated (Pearson uncorrected chi-square test or Fisher's exact test when values ≤ 5).