Table 1. Mixed-model ANOVA of species and recruit densities over time.
| Pioneer | Later successional | |||||
| Species density | num.d.f. | den.d.f. | F-value | P | F-value | P |
| Time | 14 | 294 | 6.97 | *** | 6.64 | *** |
| Dispersal | 2 | 42 | 92.77 | *** | 834.85 | *** |
| Planting | 1 | 21 | 10.42 | ** | 25.62 | *** |
| Time*Dispersal | 28 | 588 | 0.77 | 3.39 | *** | |
| Time*Planting | 14 | 294 | 0.48 | 0.36 | ||
| Dispersal*Planting | 2 | 42 | 14.91 | *** | 26.04 | *** |
| Disp*Time*Planting | 28 | 588 | 0.26 | 0.46 | ||
| Recruit density | num.d.f. | den.d.f. | F-value | P | F-value | P |
| Time | 14 | 294 | 8.05 | *** | 9.31 | *** |
| Dispersal | 2 | 42 | 118.25 | *** | 820.48 | *** |
| Planting | 1 | 21 | 28.57 | *** | 21.71 | *** |
| Time*Dispersal | 28 | 588 | 1.35 | 6.33 | *** | |
| Time*Planting | 14 | 294 | 1.19 | 1.04 | ||
| Dispersal*Planting | 2 | 42 | 38.16 | *** | 44.09 | *** |
| Disp*Time*Planting | 28 | 588 | 0.14 | 0.89 | ||
P<0.005 **,
P<0.0001 ***.
Fixed effects are dispersal mode (bird, bat or both) and planting treatment (planted or unplanted control), with time (16 to 76 months) after cattle exclusion.