Table 4. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for contraceptive use by women overall empowerment and its various dimensions in household decision making.
| Independent variables | Model 1 (Crude) OR (95% CI) | Model 2 (Adjusted1) OR (95% CI) | Model 3 (Full adjusted2) OR (95% CI) | Interaction significant at 0.05 level | ||||
| Female-only | Couple | Female-only | Couple | Female-only | Couple | Women's age | Wealth Quintile | |
| Overall empowerment (weighted) (Score range: 0–18) | ||||||||
| Independent decision | 1.02 (0.99–1.06) | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 1.02 (0.98–1.05) | 0.95 (0.90–1.00) | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) | 0.99 (0.93–1.04) | No | No |
| Couples' decision | 1.03 (1.00–1.05)* | 1.06 (1.03–1.09)*** | 1.02 (1.00–1.05) | 1.05 (1.02–1.08)*** | 1.03 (1.01–1.06)* | 1.06 (1.03–1.10)*** | Yes | Yes |
| Economic decision making (Score range: 0–6) | ||||||||
| Independent decision | 1.04 (0.95–1.23) | 0.97 (0.87–1.08) | 1.02 (0.94–1.11) | 0.88 (0.78–0.99)* | 1.05 (0.96–1.15) | 0.94 (0.83–1.06) | No | No |
| Couples' decision | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 1.14 (1.06–1.22)*** | 1.03 (0.97–1.10) | 1.11 (1.03–1.19)** | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 1.12 (1.04–1.21)** | No | Yes |
| Household decision making (Score range: 0–4) | ||||||||
| Independent decision | 1.05 (0.92–1.19) | 1.02 (0.87–1.19) | 1.02 (0.89–1.16) | 0.88 (0.74–1.04) | 1.07 (0.93–1.23) | 0.97 (0.81–1.17) | No | No |
| Couples' decision | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) | 1.30 (1.17–1.43)*** | 1.06 (0.97–1.16) | 1.26 (1.14–1.40)*** | 1.10 (1.00–1.21)* | 1.29 (1.15–1.44)*** | Yes | Yes |
| Physical mobility (Score range: 0–3) | ||||||||
| Independent decision | 1.21 (0.98–1.49) | 0.91 (0.69–1.22) | 1.19 (0.96–1.47) | 0.87 (0.65–1.16) | 1.26 (1.00–1.57) | 1.07 (0.78–1.46) | Yes | Yes |
| Couples' decision | 1.19 (1.04–1.36)* | 1.25 (1.07–1.47)** | 1.16 (1.01–1.33)* | 1.21 (1.03–1.43)* | 1.22 (1.06–1.41)** | 1.31 (1.10–1.57)** | No | No |
*p<0.05.
**p<0.01.
***p<0.001.
1
Adjusted for wealth quintile;
2
Adjusted for wealth quintile, district, women's age, age of women at marriage, husband's age, age difference, women's literacy, husband's literacy, and number of alive children.
Notes: Female-only methods include: pill, injectable, intra-uterine device, implant and female sterilization; couple methods include: condom, withdrawal, periodic abstinence and male sterilization.