The following factors increase the risk of lung cancer: Being a current or previous smoker or experiencing second-hand exposure to tobacco smoke History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Previous exposure to asbestos or other known carcinogens (eg, radon, chromium, nickel) Occupational exposure to dust or microscopic particles (eg, wood dust, silica) Personal or family history of cancer (especially lung, head, and neck cancer) Silicosis or tuberculosis

Data from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence² and the New Zealand Guidelines Group.⁶