. 2014 Aug 13;9(8):e104876. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104876

Table 2. Significant results of all models (model 1 ‘managed-unmanaged-comparison’; model 2 ‘Hainich-Dün’; model 3 ‘age-class comparison’).

Damagetype	Region	Stratum	Management	Interactions
Overall	ALB, HAI>SCH₁ALB>HAI₃	canopy>understorey_1,2	age-class>selection cutting₂	region×stratum₁ region×age-classes₃ management×stratum₂ region×stratum×management₁
Chewing total	ALB>SCH>HAI₁ALB>HAI₃	canopy>understorey₁ understorey>canopy₂		region×stratum₁ management×stratum_1,2
Orchestes fagi	ALB>HAI, SCH₁	canopy>understorey_1,2		region×stratum₁
	ALB>HAI₃
Scraping total		canopy>understorey₁
Gall mites total	HAI>ALB, SCH₁HAI>ALB₃	understorey>canopy₁ canopy>understorey₂	unmanaged>managed₁	region×management₁ region×stratum₁ management×stratum_1,2 region×stratum×management₁
Aceria nervisequa	HAI>ALB, SCH₁HAI>ALB₃	canopy>understorey_1,2		region×stratum₁ management×stratum₂
Aceria Nervisequa faginea	HAI>ALB, SCH₁HAI>ALB₃	understorey>canopy₁ canopy>understorey₂	unmanaged>managed₁ age-class>selection cutting₂	region×management₁ region×stratum₁ management×stratum_1,2 region×stratum×management₁
Acalitus stenaspis	HAI>ALB, SCH₁HAI>ALB₃	understorey>canopy₁ canopy>understorey₂	unmanaged>managed₁	region×management₁ region×stratum₁ management×stratum₂ region×stratum×management₁
Gall midges total	HAI, SCH>ALB₁	canopy>understorey₂	managed>unmanaged₁	region×management₁ region×stratum₁ management×stratum₂
Mikiola fagi	HAI>ALB>SCH₁	canopy>understorey₂	managed>unmanaged₁	region×management₁ region×stratum₁
Hartigiola annulipes	SCH>HAI>ALB₁	canopy>understorey₂	unmanaged>managed₁
Mines	ALB>HAI>SCH₁ ALB>HAI₃	canopy>understorey_1,2		region×stratum₁ region×age-classes₃ management×stratum₂
Orchestes fagi	ALB>HAI>SCH₁	canopy>understorey₁	pole wood>thicket>timber>timberwith regeneration₃	region×stratum₁
	ALB>HAI₃
Stigmella spp.	HAI>ALB>SCH₁	canopy>understorey_1,2		region×stratum₁ management×stratum₂ region×stratum×management₁
Phyllonorycter-group	ALB>HAI>SCH₁	canopy>understorey₂		region×age-classes₃
	ALB>HAI₃
Sucking total	ALB>HAI>SCH₁	understorey>canopy_1,2	managed>unmanaged₁	region×stratum₁ region×age-classes₃ management×stratum_1,2
*Phyllaphis* *fagi*	SCH>HAI>ALB₁	understorey>canopy_1,2		region×stratum₁

Models which showed significant effects are indicated by subscripted numbers. Generalized linear mixed effects models fit by Laplace approximation (lmer) were applied followed by a post-hoc comparison using Tukey contrasts. Please note that model 3 includes only herbivory in the sun-exposed canopy. For details see File S2.