Table 2. Correlational analysis of harsh discipline, emotional and behavioral problems and parental psychopathology.

	Mean	SD	1.	2.	3.	4.	5.	6.	7.	8.	9.	10.
1. CBCL† emotional sumscore at age 3‡	5.09	3.86	1
2. CBCL† behavioral sumscore at age 3‡	8.79	5.27	0.61**	1
3. CBCL† emotional sumscore at age 6	5.41	5.24	0.49**	0.40**	1
4. CBCL† behavioral sumscore at age 6	6.92	6.05	0.35**	0.54**	0.66**	1
5. BPI¥ emotional sumscore at age 6	57.95	12.08	0.08**	0.07**	0.10**	0.08**	1
6. BPI¥ behavioral sumscore at age 6	51.84	10.56	0.03*	0.13**	0.07**	0.18**	0.30**	1
7. Maternal harsh discipline	2.16	1.91	0.22**	0.35**	0.19**	0.26**	0.05*	0.09*	1
8. Paternal harsh discipline	1.80	1.81	0.20**	0.37**	0.12**	0.23**	0.02	0.11*	0.38*	1
9. Maternal psychopathology	3.33	5.39	0.32**	0.30**	0.28**	0.26**	0.05*	0.04*	0.30*	0.12*	1
10. Paternal psychopathology	2.68	4.39	0.30**	0.28**	0.16**	0.17**	0.06*	0.06*	0.12*	0.26*	0.28*	1

^†Child Behavior Checklist (parent report).

^‡Mean of mother and father score on the internalizing/externalizing scale.

^¥Berkeley Puppet Interview (child self-report).

** p-value <0.001.

* p-value <0.05.