Table 3.

Outcome measured by study: arrows indicate significant increase or decrease on the outcomes

Reference	BMI	Other metabolic index	Physical activity	Sedentary behavior	Diet	Self-efficacy	Knowledge	Psychosocial
Adamo et al21	No difference	No effect	↑ vigorous PA time in control group	N/A	No effect	N/A	N/A
Chen et al22	No difference	↓ waist-hip ratio and DBP	↑ PA	N/A	↑ F/V	No effect	↑
Christison and Khan13	↓ BMI and BMI z-score	N/A	↑ PA time	↓ television time	↓ soda ↑ eat at table	N/A	N/A	↑ global self-worth
Doyle et al23	↓ BMI z-score	N/A	↑ PA skill	N/A	↑ diet skill	N/A	N/A	N/A
Ezendam et al24	No difference	N/A	↓ step counts at 4 months follow-up but not at 2 years	N/A	↓ sugary drink and snack ↑ F/V	N/A	N/A	N/A
Hung et al25	↓ BMI and triceps skinfold	N/A	↑ fitness			↑ S-E		↑ self-esteem
Jago et al26	No difference	N/A	↑ light PA time	N/A	N/A	No effect	N/A	N/A
Jones et al27	↓ BMI	N/A	N/A	N/A	No effect	N/A	N/A	↓ weight concern No change in depression
Maddison et al28	↓ no change in BMI body fat	N/A	↑ time in active video game	↑ time in inactive game	No effect	N/A	N/A	N/A
Nguyen et al29	No difference	N/A	No effect	No effect	No effect	N/A	N/A	No effect
Owens et al30	No difference	N/A	No effect	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Staiano et al31	No difference	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	↑ peer support and self-efficacy
Wagener et al32	No difference	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	↑ psychosocial adjustment and competence
Williamson et al33	↓ body fat at 6 months post intervention No difference after 2 years	N/A	No difference	N/A	↓ fatty foods	N/A	N/A	N/A

Note: ↑↓ indicate significant increase and decrease, respectively.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; PA, physical activity; N/A, not available; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; F/V, fruit and vegetable; S-E, self-efficacy.