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editorial
. 2014 Aug 7;6:735–744. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S63167

Table 2.

Forces required to remove an intrauterine device

Study Type of IUD Removal forces (N) mean ± SD (range) Comments
D’Souza et al21 GyneT380S® 2.2±1.46
Kurz22 Multiload Copper® 250
Copper-7® 200
Copper T® 200
Copper T 200 (adapted)		 5.4–5.8
2.6–3.8
1.0–1.7
1.6–2.6		 Cross arm 15–28 mm depending on size of uterine cavity

Notes: GyneT380S®, Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp. (Raritan, NJ, USA). Multiload Copper® 250, (Multilan AG, Dublin, Ireland). Copper-7®, GD Searle and Co (High Wycombe, UK). Copper T® 200, Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp. Copper T 200 (adapted), Ortho Pharmaceutical Corp.

Abbreviations: IUD, intrauterine device; SD, standard deviation.