Table 3.

Effect of GH and IGF-1 administration on bone fractures healing.

Authors	Number of  subjects	Age	Type of fracture	Therapy	Dose GH (mg/kg/day)	Duration	Results
Van der Lely et al., 2000 [274]	Placebo = 46  W = 42  M = 13	76.5 ± 7.2  23.6 ± 3.2	Hip fracture	rHGH	0.02	6 weeks	75% of patients return to the prefracture living situation
Boonen et al., 2002 [270]	9 M + 11 W	65–90	Hip fracture	rhIGF-I/IGFBP-3	0.5 = 9  1.0 = 11	8 weeks  6 months	Increase bone density and muscle strength and enhance functional recovery
Yeo et al., 2003 [275]	31 W	86 medium	Hip fracture	rHGH	0.05 (high dose) or  0.025 (low dose)	14 days	Significant increase of serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 and promotes anabolism
Weissberger et al., 2003 [276]	33 W	60–82	Total hip replacement	rHGH	0.012	14 weeks preoperatively and 4 weeks postoperatively	Improvements in lean body mass and skeletal muscle mass
Hedström et al., 2004 [277]	20 W	<65	Hip fracture	rHGH	0.1 U max 8 U	4 weeks	IGF-I increased significantly and lean body mass and BMC preserved
Raschke et al., 2007 [278]	406  93 W +  313 M	18–64	Tibial fracture	rHGH	15, 30, or 60	16 weeks	GH did not accelerate time to healing in open fracture
Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm et al., 2011 [279]	406  (313 males and 93 females)	56 ± 8.4	Tibial fracture	rHGH	15, 30, or 60	16 weeks	Dose-dependent increases of bone markers∗

M = men, W = women.