. 2013 Sep 12;43(5):661–672. doi: 10.1007/s13280-013-0438-y

Table 4.

ANOVA analysis of other factors across scale groups and cases (pig and poultry farms)

Category	Indicators	Difference between scale groups				Difference between cases
Category	Indicators	Household scale	Medium scale	Large scale	Diff. sig.	Case 1	Case 2	Diff. sig.
Individual attributes (mean)	Education level^b	2.75	3.05	3.49	0.000**	3.34	2.80	0.000**
Individual attributes (mean)	Risk aversion^c	2.25	2.31	2.32	0.775	2.28	2.33	0.561
Driving forces (%)^a	Ease of use	7.69	25.58	5	0.090*	26.67	11.11	0.224
Barriers (%)^a	Large investment	22.64	25.84	5.41	0.012**	31.25	18.44	0.032**
	High operational cost	26.42	21.91	13.51	0.092*	21.43	24.11	0.459
	Land limitation	20.75	26.17	24.32	0.390	32.14	7.09	0.000**
	Labor requirement	3.77	6.74	2.70	0.454	13.39	1.42	0.000**

* Different between cases at 10 % significance level, ** different between cases at 5 % significance level

^aDriving forces and barriers are valued as percentages of responding farmers who approved the importance of these items

^bEducation level is valued on a scale 1–5, respectively, meaning ‘uneducated,’ ‘1–6 years educated,’ ‘6–9 years educated,’ ‘9–12 years educated,’ and ‘>12 years educated’

^cRisk aversion is valued on a scale 1–3, representing ‘risk averse,’ ‘natural,’ and ‘risk taking,’ respectively