Table 1. Summary of different subsets of T cells and related cytokines involved in psoriasis pathogenesis.
| T cell | Cytokine (s) produced | Major role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis | Cytokine-target therapy | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type/subtypes | ||||
| CD4 | Th1 | IFN-γ40,50 | KHEH, SI, DCM | — |
| Th17 | IL-1750,112 | KHEH, SI, AIRA | Aia, Lya, Ama | |
| IL-22113 | KHEH, SI | ILb | ||
| IL-2151 | KHEH | — | ||
| IL-694 | KHEH, TrI | — | ||
| Th22 | IL-22114,115 | KHEH, SI | ILb | |
| FoxP3+ Treg | IL-1796 | KHEH, SI, AIRA, IRD | Aia, Lya, Ama | |
| CD8 | IL-1771,116 | KHEH, SI, AIRA | Aia, Lya, Ama | |
| IL-2271 | KHEH, SI | ILb | ||
| IFN-γ116 | KHEH, SI, IM, DCM | — | ||
| TNF-α116 | KHEM, DCM | Ad, Et, In, Goc | ||
| γδ | Dermal | IL-1755,112,117 | KHEH, SI, AIRA | Aia, Lya, Ama |
| IL-2255 | KHEH | ILb | ||
| TNF-α55 | KHEM, DCM | Ad, Et, In, Goc | ||
| NKT | IL-1788 | KHEH, SI, AIRA | Aia, Lya, Ama | |
Abbreviations: Roles in psoriasis pathogenesis: AIRA, acquired immune response amplification; DCM, dendritic cell maturation; IFN, interferon; IRD, immune regulation dysfunction; KHEH, keratinocyte hyperproliferation and epidermal hyperplasia; NKT, natural killer T; SI, skin inflammation; Th, T helper; TNF, tumor-necrosis factor; TrI, Treg inhibition. Therapy: Ad, Adalimumab; Ai, AIN 457; Am, AMG 827—IL-17 receptor targeted; Et, Etanercept; Go, Golimumab; IL, ILV 095; IM, inflammatory migration; In, Infliximab; Ly, LY2439821.
a
In clinical trials.
b
Phase 1 clinical trial discontinued March 2011.
c
Approved for psoriatic arthritis.