Table 1.
Clinical variables investigated between those achieving effective sedation and those that did not.
| Clinical Variable | Effective Sedation (n= 11) |
Ineffective Sedation (n=19) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Average age (mean ± SD) | 57± 27 years | 50.3± 15.7 years | 0.217 |
| Female (#; %) | 6 (54.54) | 7(36.84) | 0.287 |
| Caucasian (#; %) | 10 (90.91) | 16 (84.21) | 0.68 |
| Average BMI (mean ± SD) | 28.81± 8.00 | 31.85±9.39 | 0.3767 |
| Active or history of heavy ETOH
use (≥everyday consumption) (#; %) |
4 (36.36) | 8 (42.11) | 0.534 |
| Active or history of smoking (#; %) | 6 (54.54) | 9 (47.37) | 0.500 |
| Illicit drug use (#; %) | 4 (36.36) | 4 (21.05) | 0.31 |
| History of Renal Disease (#; %) | 8 (72.73) | 17 (89.47) | 0.245 |
| History of Liver Disease (#; %) | 10 (90.91) | 16 (84.2) | 0.530 |
| History of COPD (#; %) | 6 (54.54) | 14 (73.68) | 0.250 |
| History of Hypertension (#; %) | 7 (63.63) | 10 (52.63) | 0.421 |
| History of anxiety (#; %) | 5 (45.45) | 4 (21.05) | 0.161 |
| History of Bipolar (#; %) | 2 (18.18) | 0 (0) | 0.126 |
| History of depression (#; %) | 6 (54.54) | 3 (15.79) | 0.042* |
| Ave. # home meds (mean ± SD) | 12.18 ± 5.60 | 9.79 ± 7.87 | 0.192 |
| Home benzodiazepines (#; %) | 7 (63.63) | 6 (31.58) | 0.093 |
| Home narcotics (#; %) | 3 (27.27) | 8 (42.10) | 0.341 |
| Home antidepressants (#; %) | 9 (81.82) | 8 (42.11) | 0.040* |
| APACHE II Score (mean ± SD) | 16.36±4.63 | 21.94±6.08 | 0.007* |
| Length of time receiving dexmedetomidine (hrs) (mean ± SD) |
108 ± 88.54 | 84.25 hrs ±102.19 | 0.26 |
| Average dexmedetomidine Maximum infusion rate (mean ± SD) |
0.95 mcg/kg/hr ± 0.46 |
0.79 mcg/kg/hr ± 0.49 |
0.2058 |
| Mean narcotic amount received during dexmedetomidine (fentanyl equivalents) (mean ± SD) |
7.96 mg ± 9.61 | 9.21 mg ± 18.83 | 0.42 |
| Mean benzodiazepine amount received during dexmedetomidine (lorazepam equivalents) (mean ± SD) |
42.01 mg ± 49.97 | 82.12 mg ± 185.87 | 0.246 |
| Mean antipsychotic amount received during dexmedetomidine (chlorpromazine 100mg equivalents) (mean ± SD) |
12.07 mg ± 18.39 | 8.95 mg ± 23.71 | 0.36 |
| Mean propofol received during dexmedetomidine (mean ± SD) |
75.59 mg ± 162.60 | 113.46 mg ± 316.40 |
0.55 |
| Mean # of inpatient medications received (mean ± SD) |
11 ± 5.73 | 14.53 ± 5.50 | 0.08 |
| Mean # of PRN medications received during dexmedetomidine infusion (mean ± SD) |
3 ± 1.945 | 1.79 ± 1.357 | 0.057 |
| Reasons for dexmedetomidine use: | |||
| Aid in weaning from mechanical ventilator (#; %) |
4 (36.4) | 5 (26.32) | 0.45 |
| Limit benzodiazepine use
(#; %) |
6 (54.54) | 6 (42.11) | 0.22 |
| Adverse event on propofol
(#; %) |
1 (9.10) | 3 (15.79) | 0.52 |
| History of heavy ETOH
or narcotic use (#; %) |
0 | 3 (16) | 0.16 |
| History of ICU delirium (#; %) | 0 | 2 (10.53) | 0.38 |
SD= standard deviation; ETOH= alcohol; ICU= intensive care unit;
*
= statistically significant at p <0.05 and included in the multiple logistic regression analysis