Table 1.
Demographic, traditional risk factors and renal parameters stratified by plasma CXCL12 quartiles
| CXCL12 (ng/mL) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quartile 1, 0.83–2.07 ng/mL | Quartile 2, 2.07–2.43 ng/mL | Quartile 3, 2.43–2.82 ng/mL | Quartile 4, 2.82–6.17 ng/mL | P value | |
| Characteristic (n = 3687) | n = 923 | n = 922 | n = 921 | n = 921 | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (years) | 59 (50, 65) | 60 (53, 66) | 60 (53, 66) | 61 (54, 68) | <0.001 |
| Female sex (n = 1655, 44.9%) | 422 (11.5%) | 378 (10.3%) | 402 (10.9%) | 453 (12.3%) | <0.01 |
| Race | |||||
| White (n = 1564, 42.4%) | 423 (27.1%) | 417 (26.7%) | 369 (23.6%) | 355 (22.7%) | <0.001 |
| Black (n = 1521, 41.3%) | 365 (24.0%) | 375 (24.7%) | 388 (25.5%) | 393 (25.8%) | |
| Hispanic (n = 455, 12.3%) | 86 (18.9%) | 94 (20.7%) | 128 (28.1%) | 147 (32.3%) | |
| Other (n = 147, 4%) | 49 (33.3%) | 36 (24.5%) | 36 (24.5%) | 26 (17.7%) | |
| Traditional CV risk factors | |||||
| Prior CVD (n = 1232, 33.4%) | 226 (18.3%) | 265 (21.5%) | 339 (27.5%) | 402 (32.6%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes (n = 1781, 48.3%) | 358 (20.1%) | 416 (23.4%) | 482 (27.1%) | 525 (29.5%) | <0.001 |
| Tobacco use (n = 473, 12.8%) | 106 (22.4%) | 108 (22.8%) | 124 (26.2%) | 135 (28.5%) | 0.13 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)a | 30.6 (26.9, 35.1) | 30.8 (27.0, 35.9) | 30.9 (26.8, 36.2) | 31.20 (26.8, 37.1) | 0.01 |
| Hypertension (n = 3171, 86.0%) | 750 (23.7%) | 787 (24.8%) | 811 (25.6%) | 823 (26.0%) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidaemia (n = 3034, 82.3%) | 732 (24.1%) | 754 (24.9%) | 769 (25.4%) | 779 (25.7%) | 0.02 |
| Kidney function measuresa | |||||
| Estimated GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 52.3 (41.3, 64.2) | 46.3 (35.8, 58.5) | 39.9 (31.1, 51.2) | 34.2 (25.6, 44.0) | <0.001 |
| Cystatin C (mg/L) | 1.16 (0.95, 1.45) | 1.30 (1.07, 1.66) | 1.50 (1.20, 1.88) | 1.75 (1.42, 2.18) | <0.001 |
| Urinary ACR (µg/mg)* | 20.1 (5.6, 217.3) | 35.1 (7.2, 344.9) | 84.0 (9.8, 622.4) | 137.5 (21.1, 842.7) | <0.001 |
| Mineral metabolism parametersa | |||||
| Serum calcium (mg/dL) | 9.2 (8.9, 9.5) | 9.2 (8.9, 9.5) | 9.2 (8.9, 9.4) | 9.2 (8.8, 9.5) | 0.27 |
| Serum phosphate level (mg/dL) | 3.5 (3.2, 3.9) | 3.6 (3.2, 4.0) | 3.7 (3.3, 4.2) | 3.9 (3.4, 4.3) | <0.001 |
| Fibroblast growth factor 23 (RU/mL) | 111 (81, 172) | 130 (86, 201) | 157 (107, 252) | 208 (128, 339) | <0.001 |
| Serum inflammatory biomarkersa | |||||
| IL6 (pg/mL)* | 1.53 (0.93, 2.48) | 1.78 (1.07, 2.73) | 2.00 (1.26, 3.42) | 2.37 (1.49, 3.98) | <.001 |
| TNFα (pg/mL)* | 1.80 (1.20, 2.60) | 2.00 (1.40, 3.00) | 2.30 (1.70, 3.30) | 2.80 (2.00, 3.80) | <.001 |
| High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (pg/mL)* | 2.37 (1.02, 5.55) | 2.58 (1.09, 6.70) | 2.58 (1.04, 6.25) | 2.71 (1.06, 7.13) | 0.03 |
Values shown as median (IQR) or n (%).
CVD, cardiovascular disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; ACR, albumin:creatinine ratio; tobacco use defined as former or current smoker.
P-value by ANOVA (continuous variables; those marked with * were log-transformed to meet normality assumption) and χ2 test (categorical variables).
aPresented as median (interquartile range).