FIGURE 4.

Role of PLD in cell migration. PLD is a key component of cell migration of both cancer and inflammatory cells that includes a variety of different intracellular events (such as cytoskeletal organization, vesicle trafficking, endocytosis/exocytosis, etc.) using both PA-mediated mechanisms and protein-protein interactions. The figure shows that PA provides a curvature in the cell membrane that is conducive to formation of lamellipodia. On the other hand, PA is a second messenger on its own right, and carries the signal from the membrane to several proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. The GEF function of PLD2 targets small GTPases involved in cell migration, such as Rac2. Lastly, multiple protein-protein interactions have been described with PLD2 and motility proteins, such as Grb2-WASp.