Table 2.

Marginal Effects of Rainfall and Temperature Extremes on Annual Income, with 90% Confidence Intervals. The marginal effects are computed using the point estimates from a linear regression which includes household and time fixed effects. Confidence intervals are based on village-clustered standard errors.

	Net farm income	90% CI	Farm wage income	90% CI	Non-farm income	90% CI
Variable Mean (1000s 2000 Rupees)	44.15		0.75		31.45
Rainfall in 1Q	−9.25	[−20, 1]	−0.12	[−0.5, 0.3]	3.93	[0.4, 7.5]
Rainfall in 4Q	13.92	[2, 26]	1.31	[0.4, 2]	15.38	[10, 20]
Temperature 1Q	−10.20	[−28, 8]	0.32	[−0.0, 0.6]	−4.70	[−9, −0.2]
Temperature 4Q	−15.89	[−31, −0.6]	0.59	[−0.1, 1]	−4.90	[−10, −0.1]
Households	648

Source: Pakistan Panel Survey (1986-1991)