Table 4.
Effect modification by smoking status on the association between cardiac glycosides and lung cancer incidence
| Smoking status | Cases | Controls | Adjusted RR (95% CI) a | P value for interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never | 134 | 4780 | ||
| No use, n (%) | 92 | 3270 | 1.00 (Reference) | 0.37 |
| Ever use, n (%) | 42 | 1510 | 1.08 (0.74-1.58) | |
| Ever | 1031 | 6531 | ||
| No use, n (%) | 722 | 4568 | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| Ever use, n (%) | 309 | 1963 | 1.06 (0.90-1.24) | |
| Unknown | 72 | 1009 | ||
| No use, n (%) | 46 | 690 | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| Ever use, n (%) | 26 | 319 | 1.55 (0.93-2.58) |
aAdjusted on BMI indication of CG use excessive alcohol use history of tobacco-related conditions history of lung diseases factors associated with sexual hormonal disorders drugs potentially associated with lung cancer (statins aspirin oral anticoagulants and antiplatelets non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs anti-hypertensives oral bisphosphonates anti-diabetic drugs) and amiodarone.
RR Rate Ratio.