Table 3.
Characteristics and stool microscopic examination findings among individuals of TS gastroenteritis with diarrhea patients negative for TS in rural Matlab (2000–2012)
| Characteristic | TS n = 290 (%) | Diarrhea patients negative for TS n = 870 (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) p value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 161 (56) | 440 (51) | 1.22 (0.93, 1.61) 0.1 | - |
| Age stratum | - | |||
| 0-14 years | 116 (40) | 348 (40) | 1.00 (0.76, 1.32) 0.9 | - |
| 15 years and above | 174 (60) | 552 (60) | - | - |
| Maternal illiteracy | 25/116 (22) | 65/348 (19) | 1.20 (0.69, 2.07) 0.5 | - |
| Paternal illiteracy | 27/116 (23) | 84/348 (24) | 0.95 (0.56, 1.61) 0.9 | - |
| Poor socio-economic status (median monthly family income < US$115) | 168 (58) | 467 (54) | 1.19 (0.90, 1.57) 0.2 | - |
| Use of non-sanitary toilet | 245 (85) | 0 (0) | <0.001 (0.00) <0.001 | - |
| H/o abdominal pain | 158 (55) | 440 (51) | 1.17 (0.89, 1.54) 0.2 | - |
| H/o vomiting in the last 24 hours | 219 (76) | 570 (66) | 1.62 (1.19, 2.22) 0.002 | 1.88 (1.35, 2.64) <0.001 |
| Fever (Temperature ≥37.8°C) | 100 (35) | 128 (15) | 3.05 (2.22, 4.19) <0.001 | 22.90 (2.08, 4.06) <0.001 |
| Watery stool (lack of mucus/blood) | 237 (82) | 692 (80) | 1.15 (0.81, 1.64) 0.4 | - |
| Dehydration (moderate/severe) | 152 (52) | 417 (48) | 1.20 (0.91, 1.58) 0.2 | - |
| Duration of diarrhea (>1 day) | 155 (53) | 317 (36) | 2.00 (1.52, 2.64) <0.001 | 1.78 (1.30, 2.44) <0.001 |
| Hospital stay of ≥24 hours | 148 (51) | 407 (47) | 1.19 (0.90, 1.56) 0.2 | - |
| Use of IV rehydration | 50 (17) | 210 (24) | 0.65 (0.46, 0.93) 0.018 | 0.74 (0.50, 1.09) 0.124 |
| Use of antimicrobial at home | 158 (55) | 211 (24) | 3.74 (2.88, 4.99) <0.001 | 3.15 (2.33, 4.27) <0.001 |
| Wasting (<5 years) | 28/95 (30) | 73/319 (23) | 1.41 (0.82, 2.42) 0.2 | - |
| Stunting (<5 years) | 31/95 (33) | 101/319 (32) | 1.05 (0.62, 1.75) 0.9 | - |
| Underweight (<5 years) | 32/95 (34) | 125/320 (40) | 0.79 (0.48, 1.32) 0.4 | - |
| Fecal red blood cell/hpf (1 to >50) | 207 (71) | 508 (58) | 1.78 (1.32, 2.40) <0.001 | 1.11 (0.67, 1.82) 0.7 |
| Fecal leukocytes/hpf (11 to >50) | 241 (83) | 630 (72) | 1.87 (1.31, 2.68) <0.001 | 1.44 (0.87, 2.39) 0.2 |
| Fecal macrophage/hpf (1 to 10) | 151 (52) | 285 (33) | 2.23 (1.69, 2.95) <0.001 | 1.89 (1.29, 2.74) 0.001 |