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Reactions catalyzed by transpeptidases (TPs) that cross-link peptidoglycan. (a) Structures of Lipid II used by E. coli and B. subtilis.4 (b) Reactions catalyzed by TPs proceed via an enzyme–substrate intermediate that can be resolved by water to generate a tetrapeptide side chain, by a side chain on another glycan strand to yield a cross-link, or by a d-amino acid to give a pentapeptide with a new terminal amino acid.
