Table 3.
Gender differences in knowledge, social influence, and self-efficacy beliefs concerning forced sex
| Boys | Girls | F | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | |||
| Knowledge | ||||||
| Forced sex is rape and is illegal in South Africaa | 0.64 | 0.48 | 0.79 | 0.41 | F(1, 668) = 15.49 | <.001 |
| There are special procedures to follow if you report that you have been rapeda | 0.66 | 0.47 | 0.79 | 0.41 | F(1, 668) = 14.21 | <.001 |
| If you are raped, you should report what happened to the police who must open a casea | 0.82 | 0.39 | 0.92 | 0.28 | F(1, 668) = 12.58 | <.001 |
| If you are forced to have sex, you may be at risk of HIVa | 0.79 | 0.41 | 0.91 | 0.29 | F(1, 668) = 18.02 | <.001 |
| Social influence | ||||||
| Among my friends, boys force girls to have sex to teach them a lessonb | 2.24 | 1.09 | 2.24 | 1.04 | F(1, 664) < 1 | ns |
| Among my peers, boys force girls to have sex so that they do what they’re toldb | 2.32 | 1.10 | 2.23 | 1.01 | F(1, 664) < 1 | ns |
| In my family, men sometimes force women to have sex to show who is bossb | 2.24 | 1.08 | 2.16 | 1.01 | F(1, 664) < 1 | ns |
| In my family, men force women to have sex if the women do wrongb | 2.20 | 1.07 | 2.17 | 1.01 | F(1, 664) < 1 | ns |
| My friends will support a boy who forces a girl to have sex to make her listen to himb | 2.23 | 1.04 | 2.09 | 0.99 | F(1, 664) = 3.38 | ns |
| My peers will support a boy who forces a girl to have sex to make her listen to himb | 2.20 | 1.06 | 2.08 | 0.95 | F(1, 664) = 1.88 | ns |
| My mother will support a boy who forces a girl to have sex to make her listen to himb | 2.01 | 0.98 | 1.91 | 0.93 | F(1, 664) = 1.28 | ns |
| My father will support a boy who forces a girl to have sex to make her listen to himb | 2.07 | 1.05 | 1.88 | 0.95 | F(1, 664) = 4.80 | .029 |
| Other family members will support a boy who forces sex to make a girl listen to himb | 1.98 | 0.95 | 1.89 | 0.93 | F(1, 664) = 1.09 | ns |
| My teachers will support a boy who forces a girl to have sex to make her listen to himb | 2.07 | 1.05 | 1.91 | 0.94 | F(1, 664) = 3.31 | ns |
| Friends would not respect a boy if he doesn’t force his girlfriend to have sex if she does wrongb | 2.43 | 1.21 | 2.15 | 1.13 | F(1, 664) = 7.81 | .005 |
| Peers would not respect a boy if he doesn’t force his girlfriend to have sex if she does something wrongb | 2.41 | 1.23 | 2.21 | 1.13 | F(1, 664) = 4.19 | .041 |
| Boys encourage one another to force their girlfriends to have sexb | 2.44 | 1.20 | 2.54 | 1.17 | F(1, 664) = 1.13 | ns |
| To be “one of the boys” boys have to be able to say that they have forced their girlfriends to have sexb | 2.45 | 1.13 | 2.47 | 1.06 | F(1, 664) < 1 | ns |
| Self-efficacy | ||||||
| I feel confident that I will not force someone into sex when… | ||||||
| I want to show who is bossb | 3.24 | 1.47 | 3.17 | 1.40 | F(1, 662) < 1 | ns |
| I am drunkb | 3.06 | 1.41 | 3.20 | 1.39 | F(1, 662) = 1.22 | ns |
| I like the personb | 3.28 | 1.42 | 3.24 | 1.38 | F(1, 662) < 1 | ns |
| I am alone with my partnerb | 3.29 | 1.39 | 3.25 | 1.35 | F(1, 662) < 1 | ns |
| I am at my own houseb | 3.31 | 1.40 | 3.29 | 1.33 | F(1, 662) < 1 | ns |
| I am at a partyb | 3.23 | 1.41 | 3.30 | 1.35 | F(1, 662) < 1 | ns |
aDichtomized as 0 = not correct; 1 = correct
bAbsolute range, 1–5