Table 1.
Observed (O) Versus Expected (E) Underlying Causes of Death Among Olmsted County, Minnesota, Residents ≥ 50 Years of Age Following a Fracture (Fx) in 1989-91
| All
fractures (N=1982) |
Severe trauma
Fx (N=679) |
Moderate trauma Fx (N=1282) |
Pathological
Fx (N=24) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Underlying Cause of Death | O/E | SMR (95% CI)† | O/E | SMR (95% CI) † |
O/E | SMR (95% CI) † | O/E | SMR (95% CI)† |
| Infectious and parasitic diseases | 15/10 | 1.5 (0.8-2.5) | 3/3.5 | 0.9 (0.2-2.5) | 13/6.7 | 2.0 (1.04-3.3) | 0/0.0 | -- |
| Neoplasms | 214/206 | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 67/81 | 0.8 (0.6-1.1) | 129/126 | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) | 22/0.6 | 39 (24-58) |
| Endocrine, nutritional and
metabolic disease and immunity disorders |
38/38 | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) | 9/13 | 0.7 (0.3-1.3) | 25/25 | 1.0 (0.6-1.5) | 0/0.1 | -- |
| Disease of the blood and blood-forming organs | 4/5.0 | 0.8 (0.2-2.0) | 1/1.5 | 0.7 (0.02-3.7) | 2/3.6 | 0.6 (0.1-2.0) | 0/0 | -- |
| Mental disorders | 101/48 | 2.1 (1.7-2.5) | 20/14 | 1.5 (0.9-2.3) | 78/35 | 2.2 (1.7-2.7) | 0/0.2 | -- |
| Diseases of the nervous
system and sense organs |
69/49 | 1.4 (1.1-1.8) | 18/17 | 1.1 (0.6-1.7) | 51/33 | 1.5 (1.1-2.0) | 0/0.2 | -- |
| Diseases of the circulatory system | 466/419 | 1.1 (1.01-1.2) | 120/129 | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 346/294 | 1.2 (1.1-1.3) | 2/1.4 | 1.4 (0.2-5.0) |
| Diseases of the respiratory system | 141/104 | 1.4 (1.1-1.6) | 34/35 | 1.0 (0.7-1.4) | 109/71 | 1.5 (1.3-1.8) | 0/0.3 | -- |
| Diseases of the digestive system | 40/32 | 1.2 (0.9-1.7) | 10/11 | 0.9 (0.5-1.7) | 31/22 | 1.4 (0.96-2.0) | 0/0.1 | -- |
| Diseases of the genitourinary system | 32/23 | 1.4 (0.9-2.0) | 5/7.4 | 0.7 (0.2-1.6) | 29/16 | 1.8 (1.2-2.6) | 0/0.1 | -- |
| Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue | 4/1.4 | 2.9 (0.8-7.4) | 1/0.4 | 2.4 (0.1-13) | 2/1.0 | 2.0 (0.2-7.4) | 0/0 | -- |
| Diseases of the musculoskeletal system
and connective tissue |
22/9.0 | 2.4 (1.5-3.7) | 2/2.9 | 0.7 (0.1-2.6) | 21/6.2 | 3.4 (2.1-5.2) | 0/0 | -- |
| Congenital anomalies | 1/1.0 | 1.0 (0.03-5.6) | 0/0.4 | -- | 1/0.6 | 1.6 (0.04-8.8) | 0/0 | -- |
| Symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions | 12/32 | 0.4 (0.2-0.7) | 3/9.2 | 0.3 (0.1-0.95) | 9/23 | 0.4 (0.2-0.8) | 0/0.1 | -- |
| Injury and poisoning | 77/30 | 2.6 (2.0-3.2) | 22/10 | 2.1 (1.3-3.2) | 56/20 | 2.8 (2.1-3.7) | 0/0.1 | -- |
†
Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals. Expected deaths by underlying cause are for the Minnesota population of comparable age and sex (http://wonder.cdc.gov/). Statistically significant (p < 0.05) associations are bolded.
Nine subjects with unknown underlying cause of death were excluded from this analysis. If a person had more than one fracture during the time period, (s)he could be included in more than one trauma category.No deaths were observed from “complications of pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium.”