Table 2.
Observed (O) Versus Expected (E) Deaths Among 1991 Olmsted County, Minnesota, Residents ≥ 50 Years of Age Following a Fracture in 1989-91, by Skeletal Site, Sex and Time-Interval After Fracture
| All follow-up |
0 to < 5 years after
fracture |
≥ 5 years after
fracture |
||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Women |
Men |
Women |
Men |
Women |
Men |
|||||||||||||
| Fracture cause/site | Subjects | O/E | SMR (95% CI)† | Subjects | O/E | SMR (95% CI)† | Subjects | O/E | SMR (95% CI)† | Subjects | O/E | SMR (95% CI)† | Subjects | O/E | SMR (95%CI)† | Subjects | O/E | SMR (95% CI)† |
| Any fracture | 1395 | 889/777 | 1.1 (1.1-1.2) | 596 | 356/284 | 1.2 (1.1-1.4) | 139 5 |
349/275 | 1.3 (1.1-1.4) | 596 | 166/95 | 1.8 (1.5-2.0) | 971 | 540/502 | 1.1 (0.99-1.2) | 399 | 190/190 | 1.0 (0.9-1.2) |
| Severe trauma fracture | 386 | 182/197 | 0.9 (0.8-1.1) | 299 | 139/143 | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 386 | 55/50 | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 299 | 51/36 | 1.4 (1.1-1.9) | 319 | 127/146 | 0.9 (0.7-1.03) | 230 | 88/107 | 0.8 (0.7-1.01) |
| Moderate trauma fracture | 997 | 697/586 | 1.2 (1.1-1.3) | 289 | 209/150 | 1.4 (1.2-1.6) | 997 | 282/225 | 1.2 (1.1-1.4) | 289 | 108/60 | 1.8 (1.5-2.2) | 653 | 415/361 | 1.2 (1.04-1.3) | 170 | 101/90 | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) |
| Vertebral fracture | 283 | 228/176 | 1.3 (1.1-1.5) | 69 | 57/41 | 1.4 (1.04-1.8) | 283 | 116/75 | 1.5 (1.3-1.8) | 69 | 35/18 | 1.9 (1.3-2.7) | 150 | 112/101 | 1.1 (0.9-1.3) | 33 | 22/23 | 1.0 (0.6-1.4) |
| Other axial fracture | 195 | 161/111 | 1.4 (1.2-1.7) | 97 | 71/50 | 1.4 (1.1-1.8) | 195 | 79/50 | 1.6 (1.2-2.0) | 97 | 37/19 | 1.9 (1.4-2.6) | 102 | 82/61 | 1.4 (1.1-1.7) | 54 | 34/31 | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) |
| Distal forearm fracture | 198 | 122/119 | 1.0 (0.8-1.2) | 18 | 8/9.7 | 0.8 (0.4-1.6) | 198 | 27/34 | 0.8 (0.5-1.1) | 18 | 3/2.6 | 1.2 (0.2-3.4) | 157 | 95/85 | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 15 | 5/7.2 | 0.7 (0.2-1.6) |
| Other upper limb fracture‡ | 117 | 77/69 | 1.1 (0.9-1.4) | 29 | 26/12 | 2.1 (1.4-3.2) | 117 | 28/24 | 1.2 (0.8-1.7) | 29 | 8/4.6 | 1.8 (0.8-3.5) | 80 | 49/45 | 1.1 (0.8-1.4) | 20 | 18/7.5 | 2.4 (1.4-3.8) |
| Proximal femur fracture | 183 | 159/109 | 1.5 (1.2-1.7) | 42 | 37/13 | 2.8 (2.0-3.9) | 183 | 85/62 | 1.4 (1.1-1.7) | 42 | 26/9.0 | 2.9 (1.9-4.2) | 87 | 74/47 | 1.6 (1.2-2.0) | 14 | 11/4.0 | 2.7 (1.4-4.9) |
| Other lower limb fracture‡ | 137 | 81/67 | 1.2 (0.95-1.5) | 45 | 25/23 | 1.1 (0.7-1.6) | 137 | 31/22 | 1.4 (0.9-2.0) | 45 | 15/8.9 | 1.7 (0.9-2.8) | 98 | 50/45 | 1.1 (0.8-1.5) | 29 | 10/14 | 0.7 (0.4-1.4) |
†
Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals. Statistically significant associations are bolded.
‡
Excluding fractures of the hands and feet, which were not associated with excess deaths.