TABLE 1—
Characteristics of Participants by HIV Status Among Persons Receiving Treatment in Mental Health Settings: Philadelphia, PA, and Baltimore, MD, January 2009–August 2011
| Participants by HIV Status, No. (%) |
|||||
| Variable | All Participants (n = 1061), No. (%) | HIV-Positive (n = 51) | HIV-Negative (n = 1010) | HIV Prevalence (95% CI) | Pa |
| Level of care | |||||
| Inpatient | 287 (27.1) | 17 (33.3) | 270 (26.7) | 5.9 (3.7, 9.4) | |
| ICM | 273 (25.7) | 14 (27.5) | 259 (25.6) | 5.1 (3.1, 8.5) | .46 |
| Outpatient | 501 (47.2) | 20 (39.2) | 481 (47.6) | 4.0 (2.6, 6.1) | |
| Study site | |||||
| Philadelphia | 608 (57.3) | 24 (47.1) | 584 (57.8) | 4.0 (2.7, 5.8) | .13 |
| Baltimore | 453 (42.7) | 27 (52.9) | 426 (42.2) | 5.9 (4.1, 8.6) | |
| Age, y | |||||
| 18–29 | 133 (12.5) | 3 (5.9) | 130 (12.9) | 2.3 (0.7, 6.9) | |
| 30–39 | 181 (17.1) | 2 (3.9) | 179 (17.7) | 1.1 (0.3, 4.4) | .03 |
| 40–49 | 344 (32.4) | 23 (45.1) | 321 (31.8) | 6.7 (4.5, 9.9) | |
| ≥ 50 | 403 (38.0) | 23 (45.1) | 380 (37.6) | 5.7 (3.8, 8.5) | |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 621 (58.8) | 28 (54.9) | 593 (59.0) | 4.5 (3.1, 6.5) | .57 |
| Female | 436 (41.3) | 23 (45.1) | 413 (41.1) | 5.3 (3.5, 7.9) | |
| Race | |||||
| White | 196 (18.6) | 2 (3.9) | 194 (19.3) | 1.0 (0.3, 4.1) | |
| Black | 692 (65.7) | 43 (84.3) | 649 (64.7) | 6.2 (4.7, 8.3) | .02 |
| Otherb | 166 (15.8) | 6 (11.8) | 160 (16.0) | 3.6 (0.2, 7.9) | |
| Education | |||||
| < HS graduate | 391 (37.0) | 25 (49.0) | 366 (36.4) | 6.4 (4.4, 9.3) | |
| Grade 12 or GED | 416 (39.4) | 18 (35.3) | 398 (39.6) | 4.3 (2.8, 6.8) | .16 |
| At least some college | 249 (23.6) | 8 (15.7) | 241 (24.0) | 3.2 (1.6, 6.4) | |
| Annual income, $ | |||||
| < 10 000 | 889 (86.5) | 45 (88.2) | 844 (86.4) | 5.1 (3.8, 6.7) | .71 |
| ≥ 10 000 | 139 (13.5) | 6 (11.8) | 133 (13.6) | 4.3 (2.0, 9.4) | |
| Housing status | |||||
| Currently homeless | 173 (16.4) | 14 (27.5) | 159 (15.9) | 8.1 (4.9, 13.4) | .03 |
| Not currently homeless | 880 (83.6) | 37 (72.6) | 843 (84.1) | 4.2 (3.1, 5.8) | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married or living as married | 114 (10.9) | 6 (11.8) | 108 (10.8) | 5.3 (2.4, 11.5) | .83 |
| Singlec | 934 (89.1) | 45 (88.2) | 889 (89.2) | 4.8 (3.6, 6.4) | |
| STI, past 12 months | |||||
| No | 1000 (94.5) | 50 (98.0) | 950 (94.4) | 5.0 (3.8, 6.6) | .29 |
| Yes | 58 (5.5) | 1 (2.0) | 57 (5.7) | 1.7 (0.3, 12.0) | |
| Ever told had hepatitis Cd | |||||
| No | 891 (85.0) | 33 (66.0) | 858 (86.0) | 3.7 (2.7, 5.2) | <.001 |
| Yes | 157 (15.0) | 17 (34.0) | 140 (14.0) | 10.8 (6.9, 17.0) | |
| Any NIDU, past 4 wk | |||||
| No | 218 (20.6) | 8 (15.7) | 210 (20.8) | 3.7 (1.9, 7.2) | .38 |
| Yes | 843 (79.5) | 43 (84.3) | 800 (79.2) | 5.1 (3.8, 6.8) | |
| Sexual identity | |||||
| Heterosexual | 945 (90.8) | 40 (80.0) | 905 (91.3) | 4.2 (3.1, 5.7) | .01 |
| Homosexual or bisexual | 96 (9.2) | 10 (20.0) | 86 (8.7) | 10.4 (5.8, 18.7) | |
| Psychiatric diagnosise,f | |||||
| Psychiatric disorder only | 570 (54.7) | 21 (41.2) | 549 (55.4) | 3.7 (2.4, 5.6) | .12 |
| Psychiatric and substance abuse disorders | 350 (33.6) | 21 (41.2) | 329 (33.2) | 6.0 (4.0, 9.1) | |
| Substance abuse disorder only | 122 (11.7) | 9 (17.7) | 113 (11.4) | 7.4 (3.9, 13.8) | |
Note. CI = confidence interval; GED = general equivalency diploma; HS = high school; ICM = intensive case management programs; NIDU = noninjection drug use; STI = sexually transmitted infection. Numbers might not add to total because of missing data.
P value from Wald statistic for type 3 generalized estimating equation analysis.
Includes persons who indicated Asian, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native, or multiple races.
Includes separated, divorced, widowed, and never married.
By a doctor, nurse, or other health care provider.
Obtained through patient chart abstraction.
Diagnostic codes were generated on the basis of chart abstraction. As psychiatric and substance abuse disorders commonly co-occur, we created the following algorithm to create 3 mutually exclusive categories based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition,42 diagnoses: (1) those with a psychiatric diagnosis only, (2) those who had co-occurring psychiatric and substance dependence or abuse diagnoses, and (3) those who had a substance dependence or abuse diagnosis only.