Table 3. Ranking of the candidate single reference genes by each software package used.
| NormFinder | geNorm | BestKeeper | DataAssist | ||||
| Stability value* | Ranking | M value* | Ranking | CV* | Ranking | Score* | Ranking |
| AI samples of cases | |||||||
| 0.193 | HPRT1 | 0.419 | TFRC | 4.59 | TFRC | 0.782 | GAPDH |
| 0.350 | ACTB | 0.419 | GAPDH | 5.55 | TBP | 0.814 | HPRT1 |
| 0.414 | TFRC | 0.488 | HPRT1 | 5.57 | GAPDH | 0.8355 | ACTB |
| 0.435 | GAPDH | 0.503 | ACTB | 6.15 | HPRT1 | 1.055 | TBP |
| 0.599 | B2M | 0.572 | B2M | 7.16 | ACTB | 1.131 | TFRC |
| 0.607 | TBP | 0.624 | TBP | 9.13 | B2M | 1.467 | B2M |
| AS samples of cases | |||||||
| 0.276 | HPRT1 | 0.246 | HPRT1 | 4.10 | TFRC | 0.768 | GAPDH |
| 0.293 | GAPDH | 0.246 | B2M | 4.43 | TBP | 0.823 | HPRT1 |
| 0.463 | TBP | 0.444 | GAPDH | 4.72 | HPRT1 | 0.869 | ACTB |
| 0.478 | B2M | 0.528 | TBP | 5.06 | GAPDH | 0.923 | TFRC |
| 0.486 | TFRC | 0.562 | TFRC | 5.18 | ACTB | 0.933 | TBP |
| 0.593 | ACTB | 0.611 | ACTB | 6.39 | B2M | 1.611 | B2M |
| P samples of cases | |||||||
| 0.179 | HPRT1 | 0.337 | B2M | 4.41 | TFRC | 0.861 | HPRT1 |
| 0.468 | B2M | 0.337 | ACTB | 5.39 | HPRT1 | 0.987 | TBP |
| 0.520 | ACTB | 0.359 | HPRT1 | 5.91 | TBP | 1.087 | GAPDH |
| 0.521 | TBP | 0.488 | TBP | 6.76 | GAPDH | 1.101 | ACTB |
| 0.610 | TFRC | 0.619 | TFRC | 7.70 | ACTB | 1.193 | TFRC |
| 0.933 | GAPDH | 0.752 | GAPDH | 7.88 | B2M | 1.462 | B2M |
| All samples of cases | |||||||
| 0.134 | HPRT1 | 0.377 | HPRT1 | 4.36 | TFRC | 0.836 | HPRT1 |
| 0.224 | B2M | 0.377 | B2M | 5.36 | TBP | 0.913 | GAPDH |
| 0.246 | TBP | 0.523 | ACTB | 5.50 | HPRT1 | 0.958 | ACTB |
| 0.254 | ACTB | 0.599 | TBP | 5.87 | GAPDH | 1.012 | TBP |
| 0.251 | GAPDH | 0.666 | TFRC | 6.83 | ACTB | 1.091 | TFRC |
| 0.275 | TFRC | 0.705 | GAPDH | 7.92 | B2M | 1.493 | B2M |
| AI samples of controls | |||||||
| 0.021 | TBP | 0.215 | TBP | 7.10 | TBP | 0.787 | HPRT1 |
| 0.204 | HPRT1 | 0.215 | HPRT1 | 7.44 | TFRC | 0.798 | ACTB |
| 0.279 | ACTB | 0.321 | ACTB | 7.61 | HPRT1 | 0.943 | TBP |
| 0.353 | B2M | 0.389 | B2M | 8.15 | GAPDH | 0.953 | GAPDH |
| 0.447 | GAPDH | 0.410 | GAPDH | 8.58 | ACTB | 1.110 | TFRC |
| 0.556 | TFRC | 0.471 | TFRC | 9.70 | B2M | 2.036 | B2M |
| AS samples of controls | |||||||
| 0.265 | B2M | 0.221 | HPRT1 | 4.85 | TFRC | 1.063 | HPRT1 |
| 0.358 | HPRT1 | 0.221 | B2M | 4.79 | TBP | 1.144 | GAPDH |
| 0.402 | TBP | 0.364 | TBP | 6.13 | HPRT1 | 1.180 | ACTB |
| 0.436 | ACTB | 0.470 | GAPDH | 6.92 | GAPDH | 1.199 | TFRC |
| 0.458 | GAPDH | 0.530 | ACTB | 7.23 | B2M | 1.249 | TBP |
| 0.491 | TFRC | 0.561 | TFRC | 7.94 | ACTB | 1.4613 | B2M |
| P samples of controls | |||||||
| 0.263 | TBP | 0.617 | TFRC | 3.85 | HPRT1 | 1.301 | TBP |
| 0.303 | TFRC | 0.617 | TBP | 4.69 | TFRC | 1.351 | HPRT1 |
| 0.574 | HPRT1 | 0.685 | HPRT1 | 4.73 | TBP | 1.582 | ACTB |
| 0.876 | B2M | 0.801 | B2M | 5.20 | ACTB | 1.639 | GAPDH |
| 0.946 | ACTB | 0.893 | ACTB | 5.66 | GAPDH | 1.702 | TFRC |
| 1.335 | GAPDH | 1.064 | GAPDH | 7.06 | B2M | 1.887 | B2M |
| All samples of controls | |||||||
| 0.264 | HPRT1 | 0.460 | TBP | 5.44 | TBP | 1.164 | TBP |
| 0.345 | TFRC | 0.460 | B2M | 5.62 | TFRC | 1.190 | HPRT1 |
| 0.370 | TBP | 0.573 | ACTB | 5.77 | HPRT1 | 1.244 | ACTB |
| 0.422 | ACTB | 0.637 | HPRT1 | 7.25 | ACTB | 1.457 | GAPDH |
| 0.457 | B2M | 0.667 | TFRC | 7.27 | GAPDH | 1.599 | TFRC |
| 0.731 | GAPDH | 0.843 | GAPDH | 7.86 | B2M | 1.812 | B2M |
| All AI samples | |||||||
| 0.169 | TBP | 0.467 | GAPDH | 5.33 | TFRC | 0.833 | HPRT1 |
| 0.207 | HPRT1 | 0.467 | ACTB | 6.70 | TBP | 0.880 | GAPDH |
| 0.244 | ACTB | 0.541 | HPRT1 | 6.99 | HPRT1 | 0.852 | ACTB |
| 0.250 | B2M | 0.577 | TBP | 7.64 | GAPDH | 1.044 | TBP |
| 0.388 | GAPDH | 0.608 | B2M | 8.91 | ACTB | 1.161 | TFRC |
| 0.400 | TFRC | 0.631 | TFRC | 9.90 | B2M | 1.658 | B2M |
| All AS samples | |||||||
| 0.118 | HPRT1 | 0.270 | HPRT1 | 5.02 | TBP | 0.891 | HPRT1 |
| 0.125 | B2M | 0.270 | B2M | 5.19 | TFRC | 0.932 | GAPDH |
| 0.143 | GAPDH | 0.460 | GAPDH | 5.93 | HPRT1 | 0.998 | ACTB |
| 0.154 | TBP | 0.517 | TBP | 6.24 | GAPDH | 1.045 | TBP |
| 0.177 | TFRC | 0.555 | TFRC | 6.93 | ACTB | 1.046 | TFRC |
| 0.180 | ACTB | 0.598 | ACTB | 7.62 | B2M | 1.549 | B2M |
| All P samples | |||||||
| 0.183 | TFRC | 0.489 | B2M | 5.45 | TFRC | 1.000 | HPRT1 |
| 0.191 | HPRT1 | 0.489 | ACTB | 5.94 | HPRT1 | 1.075 | TBP |
| 0.222 | TBP | 0.611 | HPRT1 | 6.48 | TBP | 1.244 | ACTB |
| 0.294 | B2M | 0.633 | TBP | 6.59 | GAPDH | 1.27 | GAPDH |
| 0.328 | ACTB | 0.710 | TFRC | 8.54 | B2M | 1.322 | TFRC |
| 0.471 | GAPDH | 0.864 | GAPDH | 8.61 | ACTB | 1.546 | B2M |
| All samples | |||||||
| 0.056 | HPRT1 | 0.494 | HPRT1 | 5.31 | TFRC | 0.926 | HPRT1 |
| 0.094 | TBP | 0.494 | B2M | 6.12 | TBP | 1.079 | ACTB |
| 0.098 | TFRC | 0.594 | TBP | 6.25 | HPRT1 | 1.087 | TBP |
| 0.119 | ACTB | 0.626 | ACTB | 6.88 | GAPDH | 1.114 | GAPDH |
| 0.119 | B2M | 0.678 | TFRC | 8.13 | ACTB | 1.1927 | TFRC |
| 0.199 | GAPDH | 0.756 | GAPDH | 8.68 | B2M | 1.586 | B2M |
*A lower value indicates higher stability in gene expression. AI: antero-inferior region of the glenohumeral capsule; AS: antero-superior region of the glenohumeral capsule; P: posterior region of the glenohumeral capsule.