(A) Schematic description of the procedure for preparing CfaA/B complex. (B) SDS-PAGE of eluted fractions from Ni-NTA affinity column for wild-type CfaA/B complex and various CfaA mutants detected by Coomassie Brilliant Blue staining. From lane 1 to 14 are CfaB co-purified with CfaA variants: No CfaA, wild type CfaA, K9A, T44A/E45A/E46A, E86A, T112A, L114A, V116A, I118A, Y120A, R125A, R154A, K164-N171(A×8) and C163S/C172S. Unbound CfaA in flow-through fractions were also subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis and detected by immunoblot with specific antibody against CfaB. (C) Ratios between CfaA variant and CfaB were obtained from densitometry analysis averaged over six independent SDS-PAGE experiments shown in (B). Error bars are indicative of standard deviations among independent experiments.