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. 2014 Aug 2;140(2):374–392. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu077

TABLE 2. Pubertal Landmark Age (PND) (Mean ± SE).

Males n Testes descent Preputial separation
Naïve control 12 22.79 ± 0.19 44.88 ± 0.80
Vehicle control 12 23.13 ± 0.21 45.21 ± 0.75
2.5 BPA 11 23.00 ± 0.32 44.45 ± 0.49
25.0 BPA 12 22.88 ± 0.22 44.25 ± 0.52
5.0 EE2 11 27.27 ± 0.78* 52.50 ± 1.35*
10.0 EE2 11–12a 32.88 ± 1.27* 70.45 ± 4.24*
Females n Vaginal opening
Naïve control 12 35.96 ± 0.77
Vehicle control 12 35.95 ± 0.88
2.5 BPA 11 34.18 ± 0.66
25.0 BPA 12 36.55 ± 0.69
5.0 EE2 7b 45.43 ± 5.98*
10.0 EE2 8c 42.94 ± 3.39*

aBoth male siblings from one 10.0 EE2 dam never experienced preputial separation. One male from a separate 10.0 EE2 dam also never experienced preputial separation, although its same-sex sibling did at PND 78. Thus, n = 11 for preputial separation.

bBoth female siblings from four 5.0 EE2 dams never experienced vaginal opening. One female each from three separate 5.0 EE2 dams also never experienced vaginal opening, although their same-sex sibling did. Thus, n = 7 for this treatment group.

cBoth female siblings from four 10.0 EE2 dams never experienced vaginal opening. One female from a separate 10.0 EE2 dam also never experienced vaginal opening, although its same-sex sibling did. Thus, n = 8 for this treatment group.

*Significantly later than same-sex vehicle controls.