Fig. 3.

ES cell-derived hepatocytes display hepatotoxic response to acetaminophen through reactive metabolite formation at levels similar to primary human hepatocytes. Cell viability (cell survival as percent of untreated control cells) was measured after addition of acetaminophen to medium by dye exclusion. (A) At 72 h, ES cell-derived hepatocytes, primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), and HepG2 cells show toxicity response to acetaminophen (APAP) in a concentration dependent manner, whereas control 293 do not. (B) ES cell-derived hepatocytes survival is correlated to APAP exposure time. (C) Formation of acetaminophen metabolites and conjugates by ES cell-derived hepatocytes along with control cells. (D) Cartoon illustrating metabolic pathways active (green) and inactive (red) in ES cell-derived hepatocytes.