Table 3.
Non-adjusted analysis of the factors associated with inadequate prenatal care utilization
| Variables | n | Inadequacy (%) | PR * | (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predisposing characteristics | |||||
| Maternal age (years) | <0,001 | ||||
| < 20 | 878 | 50.6 | 1.35 | 1.25-1.46 | |
| 20 – 34 | 3,551 | 37.3 | 1 | ||
| ≥ 35 | 378 | 23.3 | 0.62 | 0.52-0.75 | |
| Parity | <0.001 | ||||
| 1 | 2,297 | 31.9 | 0.74 | 0.68-0.79 | |
| 2 – 4 | 2,342 | 43.3 | 1 | ||
| ≥ 5 | 168 | 66.1 | 1.53 | 1.36-1.72 | |
| Maternal schooling (years) | <0.001 | ||||
| 0 – 4 | 209 | 64.6 | 4.55 | 3.71-5.58 | |
| 5 – 8 | 1,066 | 56.8 | 4.00 | 3.32-4.81 | |
| 9 – 11 | 2,782 | 36.3 | 2.56 | 2.13-3.07 | |
| ≥ 12 | 740 | 14.2 | 1 | ||
| Marital status | <0.001 | ||||
| With no companion | 906 | 50.1 | 2.38 | 2.08-2.71 | |
| Married | 1,067 | 21.1 | 1 | ||
| Consensual union | 2,834 | 41.6 | 1.97 | 1.74-2.23 | |
| Mother’s skin color | <0.001 | ||||
| White | 883 | 28.5 | 1 | ||
| Black | 606 | 41.9 | 1.47 | 1.28-1.69 | |
| Mulatto | 3,250 | 40.9 | 1.43 | 1.28-1.60 | |
| Family head | <0.001 | ||||
| Mother | 454 | 27.8 | 1 | ||
| Others | 4,353 | 39.8 | 1.43 | 1.23-1.67 | |
| Enabling resources | |||||
| Monthly per capita family income in minimum wages | <0.001 | ||||
| ≥1 | 1,750 | 22.5 | 1 | ||
| ≥0.5 to <1 | 1,369 | 43.8 | 1.94 | 1.75-2.16 | |
| <0.5 | 858 | 54.5 | 2.42 | 2.18-2.70 | |
| Missing | 830 | 47.8 | 2.12 | 1.90-2.38 | |
| Category of prenatal care | <0.001 | ||||
| Private | 875 | 10.1 | 1 | ||
| Public | 3,826 | 43.6 | 4.34 | 3.55-5.31 | |
| Coverage by the family health program | 0.019 | ||||
| No | 3,300 | 37.6 | 1 | ||
| Yes | 1,507 | 41.1 | 1.09 | 1.02-1.18 | |
| Need | |||||
| Hypertension before or during pregnancy | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 873 | 33.3 | 0.84 | 0.76-0.93 | |
| No | 3,933 | 39.8 | 1 | ||
| Diabetes before or during pregnancy | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 114 | 20.2 | 0.52 | 0.36-0.75 | |
| No | 4,689 | 39.0 | 1 | ||
| Previous pregnancy loss | 0.092 | ||||
| Yes | 1,116 | 36.5 | 0.93 | 0.85-1.01 | |
| No | 3,691 | 39.3 | 1 | ||
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 189 | 69.8 | 1.87 | 1.69-2.07 | |
| No | 4,618 | 37.4 | 1 | ||
| Alcohol consumption during pregnancy | <0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 679 | 49.8 | 1.35 | 1.24-1.48 | |
| No | 4,128 | 36.8 | 1 | ||
| Previous preterm birth | 0.171 | ||||
| Yes | 691 | 41.0 | 1.07 | 0.97-1.18 | |
| No | 4,096 | 38.3 | 1 | ||
São Luís, Brazil, 2010.
PR – Prevalence ratio; CI – Confidence interval.
*Prevalence ratio (PR) estimated by the Poisson regression model with robust adjustment of the standard errors. Totals for these variables vary because of missing values. A total of 210 cases were excluded because of lack of information about the number of visits and/or the trimester prenatal care was started.