Table 4.
Adjusted analysis by means of hierarchized modeling of the factors associated with inadequate prenatal care use
| Block 1 | Block 2 | Block 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | PR (95% CI)* | p-value | PR (CI 95%)* | p-value | PR (95% CI)* | p-value |
| Predisposing characteristics | ||||||
| Maternal age (years) | <0.001 | |||||
| < 20 | 1.28 (1.17 - 1.40) | |||||
| 20 – 34 | 1.00 | |||||
| ≥ 35 | 0.64 (0.54 - 0.78) | |||||
| Parity | <0.001 | |||||
| 1 | 0.70 (0.64 - 0.77) | |||||
| 2 – 4 | 1.00 | |||||
| ≥ 5 | 1.31 (1.16 - 1.49) | |||||
| Maternal schooling (years) | <0.001 | |||||
| 0 – 4 | 2.78 (2.23 - 3.47) | |||||
| 5 – 8 | 2.49 (2.04 - 3.05) | |||||
| 9 – 11 | 1.86 (1.54 - 2.25) | |||||
| ≥ 12 | 1.00 | |||||
| Marital status | <0.001 | |||||
| With no companion | 1.81 (1.58 - 2.10) | |||||
| Married | 1.00 | |||||
| Consensual union | 1.41 (1.25 - 1.60) | |||||
| Mother’s skin color | 0.021 | |||||
| White | 1.00 | |||||
| Black | 1.19 (1.04 - 1.36) | |||||
| Mulatto | 1.14 (1.02 - 1.26) | |||||
| Family head | 0.031 | |||||
| Mother | 1.00 | |||||
| Others | 1.17 (1.01 - 1.35) | |||||
| Enabling resources | ||||||
| Per capita family income | <0.001 | |||||
| ≥1 | 1.00 | |||||
| ≥0.5 to <1 | - | 1.29 (1.15 - 1.44) | ||||
| <0.5 | - | 1.37 (1.22 - 1.54) | ||||
| Missing | - | 1.32 (1.18 - 1.49) | ||||
| Category of prenatal care | <0.001 | |||||
| Private | - | 1.00 | ||||
| Public | - | 2.74 (2.18 - 3.43) | ||||
| Coverage by the family health program | 0.014 | |||||
| No | - | 1.00 | ||||
| Yes | - | 0.92 (0.85 - 0.98) | ||||
| Need | ||||||
| Hypertension before or during pregnancy | 0.013 | |||||
| Yes | - | - | 0.89 (0.80 - 0.98) | |||
| No | - | - | 1.00 | |||
| Diabetes before or during pregnancy | 0.062 | |||||
| Yes | - | - | 0.72 (0.51 - 1.01) | |||
| No | - | - | 1.00 | |||
| Previous pregnancy loss | 0.002 | |||||
| Yes | - | 0.87 (0.80 - 0.95) | ||||
| No | 1.00 | |||||
| Maternal smoking during pregnancy | <0.001 | |||||
| Yes | - | - | 1.28 (1.13 -1.45) | |||
| No | - | - | 1.00 | |||
| Alcohol consumption during pregnancy | 0.002 | |||||
| Yes | - | - | 1.15 (1.05 – 1.26) | |||
| No | - | - | 1.00 | |||
| Previous preterm birth | 0.390 | |||||
| Yes | - | - | 1.04 (0.94 – 1.15) | |||
| No | - | - | 1.00 | |||
São Luís, Brazil, 2010.
PR – Prevalence ratio; CI – Confidence interval;
*Prevalence ratio (PR) estimated by the Poisson regression model with robust adjustment of the standard errors. A total of 210 cases were excluded because of lack of information about the number of visits and/or the trimester prenatal care was started. Block 1 – adjusted for predisposing characteristics; Block 2 – adjusted for predisposing characteristics and enabling resources; Block 3 – adjusted for all variables – predisposing characteristics, enabling resources and need.