Fig. 2. Studying osteoclastogenesis using high-content imaging.

Human osteoclast precursors were cultured with MCSF (33 ng/ml) and RANKL (33 ng/ml) for 4–7 days, fixed and stained with Hoechst for nuclei, phalloidin for actin as a cytoplasmic marker, and for α_vβ₃ integrin as an osteoclast marker. Representative images demonstrate temporal changes in the appearance of nuclei (top) and actin (middle), and emergence of α_vβ₃ integrin (bottom) during osteoclast differentiation. Scale bar: 200 µm (applies to all images).