Figure 9.

IFN-γ and the immunopathology of cerebral malaria. Schematic based on intervention studies in experimental cerebral malaria. For discussion of possible relevance to human cerebral malaria see text. Solid lines indicate direct actions (e.g., release of IFN-γ) or transitions (e.g., activation of CD8⁺T cells to CD8^*), broken lines indicate influences of secreted factors (IFN-γ and CXCL10). Ag, malaria antigen; BBB, blood-brain barrier; ICAM-I, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; μparticles, microparticles; NK, Natural Killer cell; PLT, platelets; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.