Table 3.

Results of multivariate analysis for significant factors affecting adherence

Factors	RR (95% CI) of poor treatment adherence	p value	Overall p value
Question 8. I am not sure inhaler type medicines work well (vs. strongly agree)			0.001
Strongly disagree	0.65 (0.50–0.83)	0.001
Disagree	0.69 (0.54–0.87)	0.002
Uncertain	0.88(0.68–1.12)	0.289
Agree	0.81(0.62–1.04)	0.103
Question 6. Taking medicines more than once a day is inconvenient (vs. strongly agree)			0.002
Strongly disagree	0.80 (0.60–1.06)	0.125
Disagree	0.86 (0.69–1.08)	0.205
Uncertain	1.09 (0.85–1.39)	0.499
Agree	1.16 (0.94–1.43)	0.162
Question 1. Sometimes I skip my inhaler to use it over a longer period (vs. strongly agree)			<0.001
Strongly disagree	0.50 (0.40–0.63)	<0.001
Disagree	0.51 (0.40–0.64)	<0.001
Uncertain	0.83 (0.60–1.15)	0.268
Agree	0.98 (0.77–1.24)	0.862
Age (year)	0.99 (0.98–1.00)		0.030
Occupation (vs. office work)			0.005
Physical labor	0.87 (0.74–1.03)	0.114
Unemployed/retired/housewife	0.74 (0.62–0.88)	0.001
Student	1.09 (0.78–1.52)	0.623
Exposure to passive smoking (yes vs. no)	1.17 (1.02–1.34)		0.029
Age of asthma onset (year) (vs. <40)			0.068
40–59	1.24 (1.03–1.51)	0.025
≥60	1.15 (0.81–1.63)	0.449
Exercise-induced asthma (yes vs. no)	1.15 (1.00–1.33)		0.059
Duration of maintenance treatment with inhaler (years)	0.99 (0.97–1.00)		0.097
No. of scheduled clinic visit in the past 12 months	0.98 (0.96–1.00)		0.049
Any controller medications prescribed in the past 12 months (yes vs. no)	0.69 (0.49–0.98)		0.036
Oral β2 agonist (yes vs. no)	0.66 (0.47–0.92)		0.013
Allergic rhinitis (yes vs. no)	1.17 (1.01–1.36)		0.033
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (yes vs. no)	0.73 (0.50–1.05)		0.092
Country			<0.001