Table.
Characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were dispensed insulin, 2000–2010.
| 2000–2001 | 2002–2003 | 2004–2005 | 2006–2007 | 2008–2010 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Patients | 21,475 | 35,457 | 48,625 | 58,370 | 63,962 |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, years mean (SD) | 64.4 (11.7) | 63.2 (12.1) | 62.8 (12.4) | 61.8 (12.5) | 61.2 (12.4) |
| Sex, % female | 48.2 | 47.5 | 47.0 | 45.9 | 45.1 |
| Race, % | |||||
| Asian | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.9 |
| Black/African American | 8.2 | 10.1 | 10.4 | 9.9 | 9.6 |
| Hispanic | 4.6 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 9.1 |
| White/Caucasian | 48.3 | 61.3 | 63.5 | 62.0 | 61.4 |
| Missing/Other | 37.7 | 20.1 | 16.4 | 17.8 | 18.0 |
| Geographic Region, % | |||||
| Northeast | 5.7 | 7.2 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 8.3 |
| Midwest | 38.6 | 34.5 | 32.2 | 29.5 | 27.7 |
| South | 47.8 | 49.0 | 49.4 | 50.8 | 52.3 |
| West | 7.5 | 9.0 | 10.2 | 11.4 | 11.5 |
| Missing/Other | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Comorbidities, % | |||||
| Cardiovascular Disease | 26.8 | 28.4 | 28.7 | 28.8 | 28.0 |
| Chronic Lung Disease | 11.3 | 12.1 | 12.6 | 13.0 | 13.0 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 8.7 | 10.7 | 12.4 | 12.9 | 13.7 |
| Cancer | 6.8 | 7.4 | 8.1 | 8.7 | 9.5 |
| Depression | 9.5 | 10.4 | 10.2 | 10.7 | 11.2 |
| Hypertension | 57.0 | 63.2 | 68.3 | 72.3 | 76.2 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 48.3 | 58.5 | 66.48 | 71.7 | 75.1 |
| Type of Insulin,* % (95% CI) | |||||
| Human Insulin | 88.2 (87.8, 88.7) | 59.4 (58.9, 59.9) | 41.0 (40.6, 41.5) | 29.4 (29.0, 29.8) | 21.5 (21.2, 21.8) |
| Insulin Analog | 35.6 (35.0, 36.3) | 64.8 (64.3, 65.3) | 77.1 (76.7, 77.5) | 85.1 (84.8, 85.4) | 91.0 (90.8, 91.3) |
| Animal Insulin | 0.39 (0.30, 0.47) | 0.05 (0.02, 0.07) | 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.01) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) |
| Type of Insulin Agent, % (95% CI) | |||||
| NPH | 81.9 (81.4, 82.5) | 52.8 (52.2, 53.3) | 34.5 (34.1, 35.0) | 23.1 (22.8, 23.5) | 16.2 (16.0, 16.5) |
| Regular | 58.5 (57.9, 59.2) | 40.0 (39.5, 40.5) | 28.6 (28.2, 29.0) | 21.2 (20.9, 21.6) | 15.5 (15.3, 15.8) |
| Lente | 2.1 (1.9, 2.3) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 0.57 (0.50, 0.63) | 0.11 (0.09, 0.14) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) |
| Ultralente | 2.7 (2.5, 2.9) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) | 0.48 (0.41, 0.54) | 0.07 (0.05, 0.09) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) |
| Glargine | 11.3 (10.8, 11.7) | 44.1 (43.6, 44.6) | 58.4 (58.0, 58.9) | 63.2 (62.8, 63.6) | 64.3 (63.9, 64.6) |
| Detemir | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | 7.3 (7.1, 7.5) | 16.4 (16.1, 16.7) |
| Aspart | 0.36 (0.28, 0.44) | 8.6 (8.3, 8.9) | 21.4 (21.0, 21.8) | 28.4 (28.0, 28.7) | 32.4 (32.1, 32.8) |
| Lispro | 29.5 (28.9, 30.1) | 34.3 (33.8, 34.8) | 27.8 (27.4, 28.2) | 21.0 (20.7, 21.3) | 20.1 (19.8, 20.4) |
| Glulisine | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) | 0.00 (0.0, 0.0) | 1.7 (1.6, 1.8) | 2.5 (2.3, 2.6) |
*
Human insulins include: neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH), regular, insulin zinc human (lente), insulin zinc human extended (ultralente); insulin analogs include: aspart, detemir, glargine, glulisine, lispro; and animal insulins include: insulin isophane beef-pork, insulin isophane pork pure, insulin regular beef-pork, insulin zinc beef-pork, insulin zinc pork-purified.