Table 1.
Characteristics of the study populationa
| HIV– (N=254) | HIV + (N=465) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Race | |||
| White non-Hispanic, N (%) | 162 (64) | 242 (52) | 0.008 |
| Black non-Hispanic | 69 (27) | 168 (36) | |
| Otherb | 22 (9) | 55 (12) | |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 55 (51, 62) | 53 (48, 58) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 26.3 (24.2, 29.9) | 25.5 (23.3, 28.6) | 0.002 |
| Abdominal VAT (cm2), median (IQR) | 139 (88, 210) | 143 (82, 211) | 0.91 |
| Abdominal SAT (cm2), median (IQR) | 231 (168, 304) | 181 (114, 278) | 0.007 |
| IFG or diabetesc, N (%) | 100 (43) | 194 (45) | 0.61 |
| HOMA-IR, median (IQR) | 2.9 (2.2, 4.5) | 3.3 (2.3, 5.1) | 0.007 |
| HOMA-IR ≥4.9, N (%) | 48 (21) | 114 (27) | 0.08 |
| On lipid-lowering agent, N (%) | 76 (31) | 167 (37) | 0.11 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 187 (162, 209) | 182 (157, 212) | 0.41 |
| HDL (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 50 (41, 60) | 46 (37, 54) | < 0.001 |
| LDL (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 108 (89, 132) | 103 (81, 130) | 0.02 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 106 (80, 146) | 135 (97, 208) | < 0.001 |
| HTNd, N (%) | 115 (47) | 226 (50) | 0.41 |
| ALT (U/l), median (IQR) | 21 (17, 28) | 26 (19, 39) | < 0.001 |
| ALT > 40 U/l | 23 (9) | 104 (23) | < 0.001 |
| AST (U/l), median (IQR) | 21 (18, 26) | 24 (20, 34) | < 0.001 |
| AST > 40 U/l | 9 (4) | 67 (15) | < 0.001 |
| APRI > 1.5 | 1 (0.4)e | 19 (4.2)f | 0.004 |
| FIB-4 > 3.25 | 3 (1.2)g | 23 (5.1)h | 0.01 |
| HCV, N (%)i | 9 (4) | 56 (12) | < 0.001 |
| PNPLA3 (rs738409) | |||
| CC, N (%) | 145 (57) | 288 (62) | 0.46 |
| GC | 96 (38) | 157 (34) | |
| GG | 12 (5) | 19 (4) | |
| Detectable HIV VL, N (%) | 47 (10) | ||
| Nadir CD4 < 200 cells/ml, N (%) | 147 (33) | ||
| Current ART, N (%) | 420 (92) | ||
| Cumulative ART (years), median (IQR) | 8.5 (6.0, 12.5) | ||
| Current NRTI, N (%) | 400 (87) | ||
| Cumulative NRTI (years), median (IQR) | 8.5 (6.0, 12.5) | ||
| Current PI, N (%) | 223 (49) | ||
| Cumulative PI (years), median (IQR) | 4.0 (0.5, 8.0) | ||
| Current NNRTI, N (%) | 205 (45) | ||
| Cumulative NNRTI (years), median (IQR) | 3.0 (0.5, 6.5) |
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; APRI, AST-to-platelet ratio index; ART, antiretroviral therapy; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HTN, hypertension; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT, visceral adipose tissue; VL, viral load.
Missing values: race=1, BMI=39, abdominal VAT=2, abdominal SAT=2, IFG or diabetes=52, HOMA-IR=63, lipid-lowering agent=15, total cholesterol=66, HDL=63, LDL=71, trigylcerides=63, HTN=24, ALT=14, AST=14, HCV=12, PNPLA3 (rs738409)=2, HIV viral load=8, nadir CD4=16, ART medication use=6.
70/77 Self-identified as Hispanic.
Defined by fasting glucose or use of diabetes medication.
Defined by blood pressure or use of anti-hypertensive medication.
0 HCV infected.
13 HCV infected.
2 HCV infected.
12 HCV infected.
58 Genotype 1, 7 Genotype 2.