Table 2.
Characteristics of participants without and with fatty livera
| No fatty liver (N=611) | Fatty liver (N=108) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HIV-infected, N (%) | 406 (66) | 59 (55) | 0.02 |
| Race | |||
| White non-Hispanic, N (%) | 325 (54) | 79 (73) | < 0.001 |
| Black non-Hispanic | 221 (36) | 16 (15) | |
| Other | 64 (10) | 13 (12) | |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 53 (49, 59) | 54 (49, 59) | 0.48 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 25.4 (23.4, 28.4) | 28.4 (25.6, 31.8) | < 0.001 |
| Abdominal VAT (cm2), median (IQR) | 134 (79, 197) | 223 (134, 304) | < 0.001 |
| Abdominal SAT (cm2), median (IQR) | 195 (125, 280) | 224 (161, 339) | 0.006 |
| IFG or diabetesb, N (%) | 228 (41) | 66 (63) | < 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR, median (IQR) | 3.0 (2.2, 4.4) | 4.8 (3.1, 6.8) | < 0.001 |
| HOMA-IR≥4.9, N (%) | 112 (20) | 50 (50) | < 0.001 |
| On lipid-lowering agent, N (%) | 198 (33) | 45 (43) | 0.05 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 184 (159, 212) | 187 (158, 213) | 0.82 |
| HDL (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 48 (40, 58) | 43 (35, 51) | < 0.001 |
| LDL (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 105 (83, 131) | 105 (81, 132) | 0.85 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl), median (IQR) | 119 (85, 178) | 160 (110, 225) | < 0.001 |
| HTNc, N (%) | 277 (47) | 64 (62) | 0.006 |
| ALT (U/I), median (IQR) | 23 (17, 33) | 32 (22, 47) | < 0.001 |
| ALT > 40 U/I | 93 (16) | 34 (32) | < 0.001 |
| AST (U/I), median (IQR) | 23 (19, 30) | 25 (20, 35) | 0.010 |
| AST > 40 U/I | 58 (10) | 18 (17) | 0.03 |
| HCV, N (%) | 61 (10) | 4 (4) | 0.04 |
| APRI > 1.5 | 17 (3) | 3 (3) | 0.99 |
| FIB-4 > 3.25 | 23 (4) | 3 (3) | 0.62 |
| PNPLA3 (rs738409) | |||
| CC, N (%) | 385 (63) | 48 (44) | 0.001 |
| GC | 198 (33) | 55 (51) | |
| GG | 26 (4) | 5 (5) | |
| NCAN (rs2228603) | |||
| CC, N (%) | 554 (86) | 92 (14) | 0.01 |
| TC | 54 (82) | 12 (18) | |
| TT | 2 (40) | 3 (60) | |
| GCKR (rs780094) | |||
| CC, N (%) | 263 (86) | 43 (14) | 0.78 |
| TC | 276 (84) | 51 (16) | |
| TT | 70 (83) | 14 (17) | |
| LYPLAL1 (rs12137855) | |||
| TT, N (%) | 26 (93) | 2 (7) | 0.41 |
| CT | 177 (83) | 35 (17) | |
| CC | 406 (85) | 70 (15) | |
| PPP1R3B (rs4240624) | |||
| GG, N (%) | 13 (100) | 0 | 0.18 |
| AG | 138 (87) | 20 (13) | |
| AA | 459 (84) | 88 (16) | |
| Detectable HIV VLd, N (%) | 42 (11) | 5 (9) | 0.66 |
| Nadir CD4 < 200d, N (%) | 130 (33) | 17 (30) | 0.69 |
| Current ARTd, N (%) | 367 (92) | 53 (92) | 0.97 |
| Current NRTId, N (%) | 349 (87) | 51 (88) | 0.85 |
| Current PId, N (%) | 197 (49) | 26 (45) | 0.54 |
| Current NNRTId, N (%) | 174 (43) | 31 (54) | 0.15 |
| Cumulative ART (years)d, median (IQR) | 8.5 (6.0, 12.5) | 9.8 (8.0, 13.5) | 0.006 |
| Cumulative NRTI (years)d, median (IQR) | 8.5 (5.5, 12.5) | 9.5 (8.0, 13.0) | 0.006 |
| Cumulative PI (years)d, median (IQR) | 4.0 (0.5, 7.5) | 5.0 (1.0, 8.0) | 0.23 |
| Cumulative NNRTI (years)d, median (IQR) | 2.5 (0.5, 6.5) | 5.0 (1.0, 8.0) | 0.02 |
| Cumulative Lamivudine (years)d, median (IQR) | 5.4 (1.2, 9.0) | 7.8 (3.7, 11.0) | 0.01 |
| Cumulative Efavirenz (years)d, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0, 4.7) | 2.5 (0, 7.1) | 0.25 |
| Cumulative dideoxy (years)d, median (IQR) | 1.3 (0, 5.8) | 4.1 (0, 8.0) | 0.04 |
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ART, antiretroviral therapy; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HTN, hypertension; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; SAT, subcutaneous adipose tissue; VAT, visceral adipose tissue.
Missing values: race=1, BMI=39, abdominal VAT=2, abdominal SAT=2, IFG or diabetes=52, HOMA-IR=63, lipid-lowering agent=15, total cholesterol=66, HDL=63, LDL=71, trigylcerides=63, HTN=24, ALT=14, AST=14, HCV=12, PNPLA3 (rs738409)=2, HIV viral load=8, nadir CD4=16, ART medication use=6.
Defined by fasting glucose or use of diabetes medication.
Defined by blood pressure or use of anti-hypertensive medication.
Among HIV + only.