Figure 4.

Size of the surface features and the distance between them were chosen to be in the same order of magnitude as that of the size of fibroblastic cells, assuming that the surface effects on the cells would be maximized thereby, in analogy with the light diffraction process, which is most intense when the spacing between the scattering entities and the wavelength of the diffracted light are in the same range, as could be seen from Bragg’s equation, where λ is the wavelength of the incident X-ray photons, θ is the diffraction angle, d is the spacing between two nearest planes containing the scattering entities and n is the integer signifying the order constructive interference, with n = 1 being the most probable and intense one.