Table 2.
Comorbidity of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders as a Function of Abuse
| Comorbid Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders | Total N ≤ 280 | Abused N ≤ 122 | Not Abused N ≤ 158 | p-value1 | Odds Ratio [95% CI] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol Dependence and Any Psychiatric Disorder (%) | 36.1 | 59.2 | 18.5 | <.001 | 3.42 [1.97, 5.87] |
| Alcohol Dependence and Any Anxiety Disorder | 19.9 | 35.8 | 7.6 | <.001 | 3.48 [2.03, 5.98] |
| Alcohol Dependence and Any Mood Disorder | 29.2 | 49.2 | 14.0 | <.001 | 3.65 [2.22, 6.00] |
| Alcohol Dependence and Psychotic Symptoms | 8.1 | 16.8 | 1.3 | .004 | 2.98 [1.35, 6.56] |
| Alcohol Dependence and BPD | 17.4 | 34.2 | 4.5 | <.001 | 4.08 [2.26, 7.39] |
| Alcohol Dependence and ASPD | 16.2 | 29.2 | 6.4 | <.001 | 2.60 [1.50, 4.53] |
| Cocaine Dependence and Any Psychiatric Disorder | 51.3 | 70.5 | 36.3 | <.001 | 3.29 [1.93, 5.60] |
| Cocaine Dependence and Any Anxiety Disorder | 24.0 | 39.3 | 12.1 | .014 | 2.01 [1.11, 3.65] |
| Cocaine Dependence and Any Mood Disorder | 38.7 | 57.4 | 24.2 | <.001 | 3.10 [1.80, 5.35] |
| Cocaine Dependence and Psychotic Symptoms | 9.5 | 18.3 | 2.6 | .083 | 2.07 [0.82, 5.24] |
| Cocaine Dependence and BPD | 20.9 | 36.9 | 8.3 | <.001 | 3.29 [1.59, 6.81] |
| Cocaine Dependence and ASPD | 19.0 | 27.9 | 12.1 | .213 | 1.34 [0.73, 2.43] |
| Opioid Dependence and Any Psychiatric Disorder | 17.0 | 20.7 | 14.2 | .455 | 0.93 [0.53, 1.63] |
| Opioid Dependence and Any Anxiety Disorder | 7.6 | 11.6 | 4.5 | .389 | 0.87 [0.49, 1.58] |
| Opioid Dependence and Any Mood Disorder | 13.0 | 16.5 | 10.3 | .436 | 1.08 [0.64, 1.85] |
| Opioid Dependence and Psychotic Symptoms | 3.7 | 8.4 | 0 | .333 | 1.29 [0.58, 2.88] |
| Opioid Dependence and BPD | 5.5 | 8.3 | 3.2 | .260 | 0.76 [0.40, 1.46] |
| Opioid Dependence and ASPD | 8.7 | 12.4 | 5.8 | .072 | 1.63 [0.90, 2.93] |
| Cannabis Dependence and Any Psychiatric Disorder | 23.5 | 32.5 | 16.6 | .008 | 2.08 [1.17, 3.72] |
| Cannabis Dependence and Any Anxiety Disorder | 11.2 | 17.5 | 6.4 | .077 | 1.55 [0.90, 2.66] |
| Cannabis Dependence and Any Mood Disorder | 15.5 | 24.2 | 8.9 | .301 | 1.19 [0.71, 1.98] |
| Cannabis Dependence and Psychotic Symptoms | 4.0 | 7.6 | 1.3 | .375 | 1.22 [0.56, 2.67] |
| Cannabis Dependence and BPD | 7.2 | 13.3 | 2.6 | .488 | 0.94 [0.52, 1.72] |
| Cannabis Dependence and ASPD | 11.6 | 16.7 | 7.6 | .003 | 2.29 [1.31, 4.02] |
1
p values are based on chi-square tests