Table 1.
Characteristics of REGARDS study participants (n=2,043) with apparent treatment resistant hypertension stratified by number of healthy lifestyle factors.
| Variable | Number of Healthy Lifestyle Factors | P-trend | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| 0-1 (n=662) |
2 (n=671) |
3 (n=430) |
4-6 (n=280) |
||
| Age (years) | 66.1 ± 0.4 | 67.2 ± 0.4 | 68.7 ± 0.4 | 70.3 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 38.3 | 50.4 | 56.1 | 59.5 | <0.001 |
| Black (%) | 69.7 | 63.7 | 52.9 | 42.5 | <0.001 |
| Education < High School (%) | 24.5 | 19.7 | 17.3 | 8.7 | <0.001 |
| Region of residence | |||||
| Non-belt & non-buckle (%) | 35.1 | 36.8 | 33.7 | 30.9 | 1 (ref) |
| Residence in stroke belt (%) | 22.8 | 18.6 | 22.0 | 18.6 | 0.197 |
| Residence in stroke buckle (%) | 42.1 | 44.6 | 44.3 | 50.5 | 0.086 |
| Diabetes (%) | 53.6 | 47.5 | 39.8 | 32.1 | <0.001 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | 182.5 ± 1.8 | 181.4 ± 1.7 | 178.1 ± 2.0 | 176.2± 2.7 | 0.031 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 48.0 ± 0.7 | 47.8 ± 0.6 | 48.1 ± 0.8 | 50.2 ± 1.0 | 0.071 |
| eGFR< 60 ml/min1.73m2 (%) | 29.1 | 29.4 | 26.2 | 22.3 | <0.001 |
| Albuminuria (%) | 36.3 | 35.4 | 29.6 | 28.9 | <0.001 |
| Atrial Fibrillation (%) | 17.0 | 15.0 | 14.0 | 15.1 | 0.369 |
| Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (%) | 21.7 | 17.0 | 16.3 | 17.7 | 0.128 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 142.2 ± 0.8 | 141.7 ± 0.8 | 141.1 ± 1.1 | 143.3 ± 1.1 | 0.606 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 80.0 ± 0.5 | 79.6 ± 0.5 | 79.2 ± 0.6 | 75.0 ± 0.1 | 0.048 |
| No. of antihypertensive medications | 3.7 ± 0.0 | 3.6 ± 0.0 | 3.7 ± 0.0 | 3.6 ± 0.0 | 0.028 |
| Statin use (%) | 51.9 | 48.9 | 52.5 | 59.5 | 0.061 |
| History of CHD (%) | 35.2 | 35.3 | 37.0 | 38.7 | 0.508 |
| History of stroke (%) | 15.5 | 14.6 | 11.5 | 9.9 | 0.557 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard error or percentage.
BP, blood pressure; CHD, coronary heart disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.