Table 2.
Multivariate analysis of the association of WAZ and HAZ with immunological and virological failure.
| Characteristics | Immunological failure (n = 1876) |
Virological failure (n = 1694) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rate/100 py (events/py) |
Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) |
P value | Rate/100 py (events/py) |
Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) |
P value | |
|
Age at cART start, years |
||||||
| <1.5 | 3.6 (27/742) | 3.0 (1.71-5.33) | <0.001 | 13.9 (55/396) | 2.47 (1.74-3.52) | <0.001 |
| 1.5-4.9 | 3.1 (56/1785) | 2.08 (1.33-3.26) | 0.001 | 12.3 (163/1330) | 1.53 (1.19-1.97) | 0.001 |
| 5-8.9 | 2.0 (50/2533) | 1.07 (0.68-1.67) | 0.77 | 6.6 (124/1888) | 0.83 (0.64-1.08) | 0.17 |
| ≥9 | 1.9 (31/1610) | 1.0 | 8.5 (109/1282) | 1.0 | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 2.8 (92/3242) | 1.22 (0.89-1.67) | 0.22 | 11.1 (259/2331) | 1.28 (1.06-1.54) | 0.01 |
| Female | 2.1 (72/3428) | 1.0 | 7.5 (192/2565) | 1.0 | ||
| WAZ a | ||||||
| < −3SD | 3.8 (43/1135) | 2.25 (1.35-3.75) | 0.002 | 12.7 (96/754) | 1.24 (0.91-1.68) | 0.17 |
| ≥ −3 to < −2 SD | 2.9 (46/1564) | 1.61 (1.06-2.44) | 0.03 | 9.5 (110/1152) | 1.11 (0.86-1.43) | 0.44 |
| ≥ −2SD | 1.96 (75/3818) | 1.0 | 8.4 (244/2890) | 1.0 | ||
| HAZ b | ||||||
| < −3SD | 3.2 (38/1204) | 1.23 (0.72-2.10) | 0.46 | 12.4 (102/823) | 1.06 (0.78-1.44) | 0.73 |
| ≥ −3 to < −2 SD | 2.8 (50/1755) | 1.22 (0.80-1.84) | 0.35 | 10.0 (129/1286) | 1.14 (0.89-1.46) | 0.30 |
| ≥ −2SD | 2.2 (75/3479) | 1.0 | 7.8 (206/2638) | 1.0 | ||
| CD4 T-cell percentage b | ||||||
| <10 | 2.6 (83/3184) | 1.00 (0.51-1.97) | 0.99 | 42.3 (34.2-52.3) | 7.89 (5.78-10.76) | <0.001 |
| 10-14 | 1.5 (17/1128) | 0.50 (0.23-1.09) | 0.08 | 23.3 (18.4-29.6) | 4.36 (3.17-6.00) | <0.001 |
| 15-24 | 2.0 (21/1075) | 0.66 (0.32-1.39) | 0.27 | 10.0 (8.5-11.7) | 2.24 (1.75-2.88) | <0.001 |
| ≥25 | 3.4 (11/326) | 1.0 | 4.4 (3.7-5.3) | 1.0 | ||
PY, person-years; WAZ, weight-for-age z score; HAZ, height-for-age z score; CI, confidence interval. Variable listed are those significant at the p <0.10 alpha level in the univariate model. For those variables which did not remain significant in the adjusted model, the hazard ratios are shown in italic. These adjusted hazard ratios were obtained by adding and removing each insignificant variable to the final model. The study factors of interest, WAZ and HAZ were included in the final model, irrespective of their P values. The overall P value for CD4% in the analysis of immunological failure was 0.04.
Included as a time-updated variable.
Included as a time-updated variable in the analysis of virological failure and as a fixed variable taken at cART initiation in the analysis of immunological failure.