Table 3.
Likelihood of not identifying diabetes using diagnosis codes and medication lists (excluding biguanides) (alternative identification method #2) among emergency department (ED) visits by patients whose diabetes was identified by the checkbox, the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS), 2009–2010
| Univariate | Multivariate model A | Multivariate model B | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence ratio (95% C.I.) | P-value | Prevalence ratio (95% C.I.) | P-value | Prevalence ratio (95% C.I.) | P-value | |
| Age, year | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||
| 18–44 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| 45–64 | 1.04 [0.98,1.10] | 1.03 [0.98,1.09] | 1.05 [1.00,1.11] | |||
| 65–74 | 1.07 [1.01,1.13] | 1.06 [1.00,1.12] | 1.08 [1.02,1.14] | |||
| ≥75 | 1.15 [1.09,1.22] | 1.13 [1.07,1.19] | 1.15 [1.09,1.22] | |||
| Sex | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.51 | |||
| Female | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Male | 0.99 [0.96,1.03] | 0.99 [0.96,1.02] | 0.99 [0.96,1.02] | |||
| Race/ethnicity | 0.00 | 0.05 | 0.09 | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.92 [0.88,0.96] | 0.93 [0.89,0.98] | 0.95 [0.90,0.99] | |||
| Hispanic | 0.93 [0.87,1.00] | 0.97 [0.90,1.04] | 1.00 [0.93,1.06] | |||
| Others | 0.96 [0.86,1.07] | 0.99 [0.86,1.15] | 1.02 [0.89,1.16] | |||
| Expected sources of payment | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.04 | |||
| Private | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Medicaid | 0.97 [0.92,1.02] | 0.98 [0.93,1.03] | 0.98 [0.94,1.03] | |||
| Medicare | 1.01 [0.96,1.06] | 0.96 [0.91,1.02] | 0.98 [0.93,1.03] | |||
| Self-pay | 0.86 [0.78,0.94] | 0.88 [0.81,0.97] | 0.87 [0.80,0.95] | |||
| Others | 0.94 [0.81,1.08] | 0.95 [0.83,1.09] | 0.94 [0.84,1.05] | |||
| Unknown | 0.98 [0.89,1.09] | 0.99 [0.90,1.09] | 0.99 [0.90,1.09] | |||
| Region | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.13 | |||
| Northeast | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| Midwest | 1.00 [0.96,1.05] | 1.01 [0.97,1.05] | 1.01 [0.97,1.05] | |||
| South | 0.93 [0.88,0.99] | 0.95 [0.90,1.01] | 0.98 [0.93,1.02] | |||
| West | 0.92 [0.85,1.00] | 0.93 [0.84,1.02] | 0.96 [0.89,1.03] | |||
| Number of diagnoses | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| 1 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 2 | 0.89 [0.85,0.92] | 0.91 [0.88,0.94] | ||||
| 3 | 0.72 [0.69,0.75] | 0.77 [0.74,0.80] | ||||
| Number of medications | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| 0–2 | Reference | Reference | ||||
| 3–5 | 0.91 [0.88,0.95] | 0.97 [0.94,1.01] | ||||
| 7–8 | 0.63 [0.57,0.70] | 0.71 [0.64,0.79] | ||||
| Blood test for glucose | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||||
| Yes | 0.87 [0.84,0.90] | 0.93 [0.90,0.97] | ||||
| IV fluids | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| No | Reference | |||||
| Yes | 0.85 [0.81,0.88] | 0.94 [0.90,0.98] | ||||
| Seen by attending physicians | 0.13 | 0.98 | ||||
| No | Reference | |||||
| Yes | 0.96 [0.90,1.01] | 1.00 [0.95,1.05] | ||||
| Disposition | 0.00 | 0.32 | ||||
| Clinic for follow-up | Reference | Reference | ||||
| No follow-up/as needed | 1.02 [0.97,1.08] | 0.99 [0.94,1.03] | ||||
| Transfer or admission | 0.89 [0.86,0.93] | 0.97 [0.93,1.00] | ||||
| Others | 0.99 [0.88,1.11] | 1.00 [0.88,1.13] | ||||
All analyses were based on 5,567 ED visits except for multivariate model B, which was based on 5,546 visits. C.I.: confidence interval.