TABLE 2.
Summary of sociodemographics and prevalence of sexual behaviors among men who have sex with men from three cities, Panama, 2011–2012
| Characteristics | City | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| David, N = 204 | Panama, N = 306 | Colon, N = 93 | ||||||||||
| N | Unadjusted prevalence % | Adjusted prevalence % | (95 % C.I.) | N | Unadjusted prevalence % | Adjusted prevalence % | (95 % C.I.) | N | Unadjusted prevalence % | Adjusted prevalence % | (95 % C.I.) | |
| Sociodemographic | ||||||||||||
| Age | ||||||||||||
| 24 or less | 110 | 54.0 | 61.0 | (47.8–69.3) | 130 | 42.0 | 38.0 | (28.2–47.4) | 37 | 40.0 | 40.8 | (23.8–62.7) |
| 25–30 | 44 | 22.0 | 15.7 | (9.5–24.9) | 83 | 27.0 | 31.9 | (23.1–41.0) | 16 | 17.0 | 17.9 | (7.9–34.0) |
| 31+ | 49 | 24.0 | 23.4 | (15.6–34.6) | 92 | 30.0 | 30.1 | (21.3–40.4) | 38 | 41.0 | 41.3 | (21.2–55.5) |
| Missing | 1 | 0.0 | –d | –d | 1 | 1.0 | –d | –d | 2 | 2.0 | –d | –d |
| Highest level of education | ||||||||||||
| Attended/completed primary | 10 | 5.0 | 7.7 | (2.3–13.7) | 8 | 3.0 | 2.6 | (0.3–6.6) | 7 | 8.0 | 10.1 | (1.5–21.6) |
| Attended/completed secondary | 74 | 36.0 | 37.7 | (28.1–51.1) | 148 | 48.0 | 55.6 | (46.1–65.1) | 53 | 57.0 | 53.4 | (37.6–70.9) |
| Technical/University | 119 | 58.0 | 54.6 | (41.7–65.7) | 149 | 49.0 | 41.8 | (32.4–51.9) | 31 | 33.0 | 36.5 | (20.9–53) |
| Missing | 1 | 1.0 | –d | –d | 1 | 1.0 | –d | –d | 2 | 2.0 | –d | –d |
| Marital statusa | ||||||||||||
| Single | 171 | 84.0 | 81.3 | (71.9–89.6) | 263 | 86.0 | 87.6 | (80.7–93.2) | 68 | 73.0 | 76.8 | (60.2–89) |
| Nonsingle | 32 | 16.0 | 18.7 | (10.4–28.1) | 41 | 13.0 | 12.4 | (6.8–19.3) | 19 | 20.0 | 23.2 | (11.0–39.8) |
| Missing | 1 | 0.0 | –d | –d | 2 | 1.0 | –d | –d | 6 | 6.0 | –d | –d |
| Nationalityb | ||||||||||||
| Foreign national | 1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | (0.0–0.1) | 12 | 4.0 | 3.2 | (1.0–6.2) | 0 | 0.0 | – | – |
| Panamanian | 201 | 99.0 | 99.9 | (99.9–100) | 281 | 92.0 | 96.8 | (93.8–99) | 92 | 99.0 | – | – |
| Missing | 2 | 1.0 | –d | –d | 13 | 4.0 | –d | –d | 1 | 1.0 | –d | –d |
| Employed currently | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 119 | 58.0 | 60.5 | (50.5–71.5) | 213 | 69.0 | 69.6 | (60.4–78.5) | 45 | 48.0 | 52.4 | (30.4–69.1) |
| No | 84 | 41.0 | 39.5 | (28.5–49.5) | 89 | 29.0 | 30.4 | (21.5–39.6) | 44 | 47.0 | 47.6 | (30.9–69.6) |
| Missing | 1 | 1.0 | –d | –d | 4 | 2.0 | –d | –d | 4 | 4.0 | –d | –d |
| Monthly income, USD | ||||||||||||
| 400 or less | 138 | 68.0 | 76.3 | (64.8–84.7) | 118 | 39.0 | 49.7 | (36.0–60.1) | 28 | 30.0 | 47.7 | (19.2–67.0) |
| 401–700 | 30 | 15.0 | 16.6 | (8.6–27.8) | 70 | 23.0 | 30.5 | (21.1–42.5) | 14 | 15.0 | 23.0 | (6.8–44.9) |
| 701+ | 20 | 10.0 | 7.1 | (3.2–12.5) | 62 | 20.0 | 19.9 | (11.3–31.3) | 13 | 14.0 | 29.3 | (14.7–56.5) |
| Missing | 16 | 8.0 | –d | –d | 56 | 18.0 | –d | –d | 38 | 41.0 | –d | –d |
| Sexual risk behavior | ||||||||||||
| Sexual orientation | ||||||||||||
| Heterosexual | 5 | 2.0 | 6.0 | (0.6–12.0) | 7 | 2.0 | 2.6 | (1.0–5.7) | 4 | 4.0 | 4.2 | (0.6–9.9) |
| Homosexual | 119 | 58.0 | 50.1 | (40.2–63) | 179 | 58.0 | 55.8 | (46.5–66.6) | 61 | 66.0 | 49.8 | (35.4–68.0) |
| Transsexual/transvestite | 9 | 4.0 | 2.4 | (0.0–5.7) | 45 | 15.0 | 11.2 | (5.5–17.7) | 6 | 6.0 | 6.1 | (0.3–19.7) |
| Bisexual | 66 | 32.0 | 41.5 | (29.9–52.8) | 58 | 19.0 | 30.4 | (19.8–39.1) | 20 | 22.0 | 39.8 | (21.9–51.7) |
| Missing | 5 | 2.0 | –d | –d | 17 | 6.0 | –d | –d | 2 | 2.0 | –d | –d |
| Sexual preference | ||||||||||||
| Men only | 140 | 69.0 | 60.2 | (49.9–70.6) | 259 | 85.0 | 80.2 | (72.4–88.8) | 67 | 72.0 | 60.1 | (44.6–78.5) |
| Women only | 11 | 5.0 | 10.4 | (3.8–17.1) | 8 | 3.0 | 5.7 | (1.8–11.0) | 2 | 2.0 | 10.1 | (0.0–21.9) |
| Men and women | 50 | 25.0 | 29.4 | (20.8–39.3) | 30 | 10.0 | 14.1 | (6.7–20.4) | 21 | 23.0 | 29.8 | (14.5–48.7) |
| Missing | 3 | 1.0 | –d | –d | 9 | 3.0 | –d | –d | 3 | 3.0 | –d | –d |
| Type of regular partners, past 12 months | ||||||||||||
| All men | 128 | 63.0 | 83.6 | (69.7–90.4) | 252 | 82.0 | 87.5 | (80.8–94.4) | 67 | 72.0 | 82.0 | (69.4–94.4) |
| Men and women | 25 | 12.0 | 16.4 | (9.6–30.3) | 20 | 7.0 | 12.5 | (5.6–19.2) | 10 | 11.0 | 18.0 | (5.6–30.6) |
| Missing | 51 | 25.0 | –d | –d | 34 | 11.0 | –d | –d | 16 | 17.0 | –d | –d |
| Sex worker | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 15 | 7.0 | 7.9 | (2.4–15.9) | 36 | 12.0 | 7.5 | (3.4–13.0) | 6 | 6.0 | 7.0 | (0.0–23.1) |
| No | 182 | 89.0 | 92.1 | (84.1–97.6) | 265 | 87.0 | 92.5 | (87.0–96.6) | 85 | 91.0 | 93.0 | (76.9–100) |
| Missing | 7 | 3.0 | –d | –d | 5 | 2.0 | –d | –d | 2 | 2.0 | –d | –d |
| Partner HIV+ | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 2 | 1.0 | –d | –d | 15 | 5.0 | 2.4 | (0.7–5.0) | 7 | 8.0 | 9.4 | (0.4–27.4) |
| No | 101 | 50.0 | 61.2 | (46.7–74.0) | 133 | 43.0 | 53.0 | (44.6–67.0) | 54 | 58.0 | 69.6 | (46.6–85.3) |
| Don’t Know | 50 | 25.0 | 38.8 | (26.0–53.3) | 107 | 35.0 | 44.6 | (30.8–52.7) | 18 | 19.0 | 21.0 | (8.4–40.7) |
| Missing | 51 | 25.0 | –d | –d | 51 | 17.0 | –d | –d | 14 | 15.0 | –d | –d |
| Number of sexual contacts, different people, past 2 months | ||||||||||||
| Two+ | 106 | 52.0 | 43.0 | (32.4–53.4) | 151 | 49.0 | 49.4 | (40.4–59.8) | 47 | 51.0 | 54.3 | (39.0–72.3) |
| One | 53 | 26.0 | 29.8 | (20.1–39.5) | 112 | 37.0 | 41.9 | (31.5–51.1) | 28 | 30.0 | 30.5 | (15.4–46.1) |
| None | 43 | 21.0 | 27.2 | (18.4–38.0) | 28 | 9.0 | 8.7 | (4.6–13.5) | 9 | 10.0 | 15.2 | (3.2–29.3) |
| Missing | 2 | 1.0 | –d | –d | 15 | 5.0 | –d | –d | 9 | 10.0 | –d | –d |
| Type of sexual contact with men | ||||||||||||
| Anal receptivec | 119 | 58.0 | 56.7 | (46.2–66.3) | 200 | 65.0 | 64.3 | (55.3–72.0) | 71 | 76.0 | 71.3 | (55.2–82.5) |
| Anal insertivec | 118 | 58.0 | 55.1 | (45.5–65.5) | 199 | 65.0 | 62.7 | (53.2–71.0) | 45 | 48.0 | 49.9 | (35.3–67.4) |
| Condom use, anal sex, nonregular partner | ||||||||||||
| Never | 11 | 5.0 | 9.0 | (2.7–16.3) | 25 | 8.0 | 10.2 | (4.8–16.3) | 7 | 8.0 | 5.9 | (1.1–14.4) |
| Inconsistent | 42 | 21.0 | 25.4 | (15.1–36.2) | 104 | 34.0 | 42.9 | (30.1–50.4) | 23 | 25.0 | 31.6 | (14.7–47.6) |
| Always | 130 | 64.0 | 55.0 | (44.2–66.1) | 130 | 42.0 | 44.2 | (37.4–57.1) | 46 | 49.0 | 46.1 | (30.9–64.4) |
| I do not have anal sex | 15 | 7.0 | 10.6 | (4.7–19.0) | 7 | 2.0 | 2.7 | (0.6–5.5) | 15 | 16.0 | 16.4 | (4.4–31.3) |
| Missing | 6 | 3.0 | –d | –d | 40 | 13.0 | –d | –d | 2 | 2.0 | –d | –d |
| Sex with injecting user | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 5 | 2.0 | 1.5 | (0.1–3.9) | 14 | 5.0 | 5.2 | (1.4–10.4) | 1 | 1.0 | 0.8 | (0.0–2.9) |
| Don’t Know | 20 | 10.0 | 7.8 | (3.4–11.7) | 43 | 14.0 | 13.7 | (6.7–19.3) | 4 | 4.0 | 4.3 | (0.4–12.1) |
| No | 177 | 87.0 | 90.8 | (86.4–95.6) | 209 | 68.0 | 81.2 | (74.0–89.6) | 83 | 89.0 | 94.9 | (86.8–99.0) |
| Missing | 2 | 1.0 | –d | –d | 40 | 13.0 | –d | –d | 5 | 5.0 | –d | –d |
| Sexual contact with foreigners | ||||||||||||
| Yes | 64 | 31.0 | 24.4 | (17.3–32.5) | 152 | 50.0 | 46.4 | (36.7–56.4) | 26 | 28.0 | 29.6 | (17.6–45.0) |
| No | 140 | 69.0 | 75.6 | (67.5–82.7) | 149 | 49.0 | 53.6 | (43.6–63.3) | 65 | 70.0 | 70.4 | (55.0–82.4) |
| Don’t Know | 0 | 0.0 | –d | –d | 1 | 0.0 | –d | –d | 0 | 0.0 | –d | –d |
| Missing | 0 | 0.0 | –d | –d | 4 | 1.0 | –d | –d | 2 | 2.0 | –d | –d |
| Relationship to recruiter | ||||||||||||
| Acquaintance/close friend/sexual partner/relative | 184 | 90.0 | 85.9 | (75.4–95.3) | 272 | 89.0 | 86.8 | (79.9–93.7) | 81 | 87.0 | 90.5 | (81.7–96.8) |
| A stranger, someone you met for the first time | 19 | 9.0 | 14.1 | (4.7–24.6) | 31 | 10.0 | 13.2 | (6.3–20.1) | 11 | 12.0 | 9.5 | (3.2–18.3) |
| Missing | 1 | 1.0 | –d | –d | 3 | 1.0 | –d | –d | 1 | 1.0 | –d | –d |
C.I. confidence interval
aNonsingle marital status included participants who were married, or divorced, or widowed, or cohabiting
bRDSAT estimates could not be generated since recruitment was from a single group
cStatistics are not presented for those who did not check the response
dIndicates no results were generated