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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Aug 14.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2014 Aug 14;158(4):705–721. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.052

Figure 4. The effect of HFD and LDP on intestinal microbiota composition.

Figure 4

(A) Study design: control (C) mice did not receive antibiotics; LDP (P) mice received low-dose penicillin from birth. All mice were started on normal chow (N), and then half were switched to HFD (F) at week 17. Microbiota samples were collected longitudinally for 16S rRNA sequencing. (B-E) PCoA of fecal microbiota samples at weeks 4, 16, 18, and 30; p-values for differential clustering assessed by ADONIS test are indicated in the insets. (F) Mean pairwise intra- and intergroup unweighted UniFrac distances of week 30 fecal microbial, letters a-d indicate significant differences with respect to intragroup distances, p < 0.05 based on 10,000 permutations. (H) Cladogram representing taxa enriched in 4-week fecal samples in control or LDP mice, detected be the LEfSe tool. (H-J) Relative abundance of Rikenellaceae, Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus vaginalis in fecal samples from weeks 4-30, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test. Graphs are displayed as mean ± SEM. See also Figure S3.