Table 1. Behavioral training stage parameters.

Training Stage	Trial Window* (sec)	Lever Location** (cm)	Criterion for stage completion	Average number of sessions to stage completion
Stage 1	N/A	−4.0	60 successful completions in 2 consecutive sessions	10.1 ± 0.7
Stage 2	1.0	−2.0	45 successful completions in a single session	2.4 ± 0.5
Stage 3	0.5	0.5	80 successful completions in a single session	1.6 ± 0.3
Stage 4	0.5	1.0	80 successful completions in a single session	2.9 ± 0.5
Stage 5	0.5	2.0	80 successful completions in a single session	6.8 ± 1.1
Pre-lesion	0.5	2.5	10 consecutive sessions averaging 85% success	19.5 ± 4.0
Post-lesion	0.5	2.5	4 sessions of more >10 trials each	4.0 ± 0.0
Therapy	0.5	2.5	50 sessions (25 days) of therapy training	50.0 ± 0.0

^*Trial window refers to a specified amount of time during which a second press must occur to provide an operant food pellet reward. During Stage 1 of training, pellet rewards were delivered with a single press to facilitate lever-reward association. N/A denotes there was no trial window specified for the rat to press the lever. The remaining stages all required two presses to receive a reward.

^**Lever location refers to distance relative to inside cage wall. Negative values denote distance inside the cage, and positive values are outside the cage.